Plant Diversity in Prevalent Agroforestry Systems of District Budgam
| dc.contributor.advisor | Qaisar, K N | |
| dc.contributor.author | Sabeena Nabi | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2017-10-30T09:13:34Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2017-10-30T09:13:34Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2016 | |
| dc.description | PhD Thesis submitted to SKUAST Kashmir | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | The present investigation entitled “Plant Diversity in Prevalent Agroforestry Systems of District Budgam” was carried out, during the year 2013 and 2014. The experimental site is located between 34°1′12″N latitude and 74°46′48″E longitude at an altitude of 1610 m above mean sea level (msl). The main aim was to assess the prevalent agroforestry systems, their floristic composition, phytosociology and capacity to fulfill socio-economic needs of the people. Four agroforestry systems viz., Boundary plantation, Homegarden, Horti-agricultural and Horti-silvi-pasture system were found to be prevalent in the area by stratified random sampling procedure. Floristic composition of the agroforestry systems revealed the presence of 4 genera, 6 species of 3 families and 6 genera, 8 species of 3 families of broad leaved and fruit trees, respectively. While, 2 genera having 3 species belonging to 2 families were of shrub layer. Herbage (cultivated and wild) represented 70 genera belonging to 75 plant species and 37 families. Seasonal evaluation of phytosociological /quantitative attributes showed that in terms of cultivated plants in Boundary plantation, Brassica campestris and Oryza sativa were dominant with highest importance value index (IVI) during spring and summer season, respectively. Correspondingly, Brassica oleracea var. acephala during spring, summer and Brassica rapa in autumn season exhibited maximum IVI in Homegarden. Similarly, in Horti-agricultural system, Phaseolus vulgaris and Brassica olearacea var. acephala demonstrated dominance over other cultivated species during spring, summer and autumn, respectively. Likewise, in wild herbage, Cynodon dactylon was the dominant species in Boundary plantation and Horti-silvi-pasture system. However, in Homegarden and Horti-agricultural system, Stellaria media explicated dominance over other species portraying communities as Cynodon dactylon- Polygonum hydropiper- Prunella vulgaris community in Boundary plantation, Stellaria media- Poa aungustifolia- Galinsoga parviflora in Homegarden, Stellaria media- Plantago major- Artemisia absinthium in Horti-agricultural system and Cynodon dactylon- Oenothera rosea- Mentha arvensis in Horti-silvi-pasture system. Shrub species present in different systems include Asparagus officinalis, Rubus niveus and Rubus ulmifolius. However, they were absent in Homegardens. Populus deltoides showed dominance in Boundary plantation exhibiting density of 100 individuals ha-1, basal area 2.41 m2 ha-1 with 100 % frequency and 118.01 importance value index (IVI). Malus domestica demonstrated dominance in remaining three agroforestry systems viz., Homegarden, Horti-agricultural andb Horti-silvi-pasture system explicating density of 66.67 plants ha-1, 466.67 plants ha-1 and 300 plants ha-1; basal area of 0.57 m2 ha-1, 4.91m2 ha-1 and 4.40 m2 ha-1; frequency of 83.33 %, 100 % and 100 %; importance value index (IVI) as 57.09, 134.50 and 72.00, respectively. Shannon weiner index for herbs, shrubs and trees was found to be maximum in Horti-silvi-pasture system. However, for wild herbage and trees, species evenness was maximum in Horti-agricultural system. Simpson index and concentration of dominance was higher in Homegarden for wild herbage, while it was maximum in Boundary plantation and Horti-agricultural system for shrubs. For trees, inverse diversity indices i.e. Simpson index and concentration of dominance were maximum in Boundary plantation. Overall scenario of vegetation indices described that Shannon weiner index and species evenness was in the order of herbs > trees > shrubs. While as, Simpson index and concentration of dominance was in sequence of shrubs > trees > herbs. Maximum similarity/resemblance of 51.35 % in vegetation was found between Boundary plantation and Horti-silvi-pasture. Overall results indicated that among four prevalent agroforestry systems evaluated, Horti-silvi-pasture system conserve more number of species i.e. is rich in floristic diversity of herbs, shrubs and trees. All agroforestry systems support the farmers in terms of income generation either at low or high profit levels. The income of Rs 3,335.71/ha, Rs 7,042.96/ha, Rs 13,46,62.10/ha and Rs 26,77,39.10/ha was generated from Boundary plantation, Homegarden, Horti-agricultural system and Horti-silvi-pasture system, respectively. Fuelwood Value Index (FVI) of preferred tree species displayed highest values of 948.05 and 1067.42 for Robinia pseudoacacia and Prunus dulcis, respectively. The crude protein content of preferred tree fodders decreased from spring to autumn, whereas, crude fibre, ether extract and ash content increased with advancing season. Furthermore, Robinia pseudoacacia and Populus nigra proved to be excellent source of protein, fat and fibre for efficient maintenance of ruminants respectively. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810034091 | |
| dc.keywords | Agroforestry systems, Quantitative attributes/Phytosociology, Socio-economic status, Budgam, Fuelwood, Fodder values | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.publisher | SKUAST Kashmir | en_US |
| dc.sub | Forestry | en_US |
| dc.subject | Forestry | en_US |
| dc.subject | Agroforestry systems | en_US |
| dc.subject | Quantitative attributes/Phytosociology | en_US |
| dc.subject | Socio-economic status | en_US |
| dc.theme | Plant Diversity in Prevalent Agroforestry Systems of District Budgam | en_US |
| dc.these.type | Ph.D | en_US |
| dc.title | Plant Diversity in Prevalent Agroforestry Systems of District Budgam | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |