Biochemical profiling and antiinflammatory potential in some selected invasive alien edible plant species of Kumaun Himalaya
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Date
2019-01
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Invasive alien medicinal plant species have been evolved under harsh environmental conditions by possessing secondary metabolites due to their novel genetic constitution that can be beneficial in several remedial formulations in pharmacological industries. Since ancient civilizations, several tribes still rely upon these wild herbs for curing their ailments with minimal adverse effects and affordability in nature. In the present study, sixteen invasive alien edible plant species were selected and evaluated for their antioxidants, anti-inflammatory potential, protein, tracer mineral content, functional groups and biochemical analysis. In all selected species, the yield, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were higher in aqua-methanol than in aqua-acetone. Interestingly, all plant species possessed carbohydrates, proteins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and terpenoids in both solvents. The maximum values in aqua-methanol and aqua-acetone in different species in different parameters are in: E. hirta and L. camara for TAA (μg VCE/mg) and albumin-denaturation inhibition (%), E. hirta in both solvents for DPPH (%) and FRAP (μg TE/mg), E. hirta and B. pilosa for FCA (%) and TPC (μg GAE/mg), E. hirta and C. Sativa for TFC (μg QE/mg), respectively. The SOD (U/mg FW), POD (nmole/mg protein) and CAT (μmole/mg protein) activities were higher in M. coromandelianum (17.40±0.47), P. oleracea (106.48±2.71) and B. pilosa (35.67±3.06), respectively. The total protein content (mg/ml FW) was higher in E. Hirta (39.56±2.73). The tracer mineral elements (Mn, Co and Cu) were present in all plant species and were comparatively higher in U. lobata (0.93±0.03), T. procumbens (0.30±0.03) and E. hirta (0.52±0.02), respectively. The FT-IR spectra in different plant species ranged from 1015 to 3362 cm-1 unveiling carbonyls, primary and secondary amides and amines, hydrocarbons, unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid, esters, nitro compounds, phosphoryls and nucleic acids, aromatics, aryl hydrocarbons and ethers, etc. Further, GC-MS analysis revealed various bioactive compounds ranging from 33 (M. coromandelianum) to 91 (P. quadrifida) and important ones are: geraniol, caryophyllene, carotol, neophytadiene, phytol, vitamin E, glycerin, squalene, β-amyrin, stigmasterol, lupeol, γ-sitosterol, D-allose, indole, mome-inositol and tyrosinol. These results clearly explain the potential of these selected invasive alien edible plant species as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory sources, which can be utilized by pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries for developing natural remedies and nutritional supplements due to endless availability in nature.
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