HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS USING MALE STERILE LINES IN PEARL MILLET (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) 2401
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Date
2017-07
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JAU,JUNAGADH
Abstract
Key Words: line x tester, pearl millet, heterosis, gene action and combining ability.
The present investigation was undertaken in order to estimate the per se performance, extent of heterosis, general combining ability of parents and specific combining ability of hybrids in pearl millet for 13 characters. The crosses were attempted by using line x tester mating design among five male sterile lines and nine diverse testers during summer 2016. The resultant 45 hybrids alongwith 14 parents were tested using randomized block design with three replications at Sagadividi Farm, Junagadh Agricultural University,Junagadhduring kharif 2016.
The analysis of experimental variance revealed that values of mean square due to genotypes were highly significant for all the characters indicating presence of sufficient amount of variability in the material studied. The parents differed significantly for all the characters except ear head lengthandear head girth.Further partitioning of parents into females, males and females vs males indicated that the mean square values due to males as well as females were significant for the characters, viz., grain yield per plant, days to 50% flowering, ear head weight, test weight, panicle index and total biomass per plant quantified the considerable amount of genetic diversity exit for these traits among the lines and testers. The mean squares due to femalesvs males were significant for grain yield per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, ear head girth, ear head weight, test weight, panicle index, total biomass per plant and harvest index indicating the significant difference between male and female parents for these traits. The hybrids differed completely from the parents for all the traits except days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and number of effective tillers per plantowing to significant mean squares due to parentsvs hybrids. This suggested the existence of overall heterosis and the significant difference between the parents and hybrids with respect to these characters.
The study of per se performance of parents revealed thatthe male parentsJ-2508, J-2503 and J-2433 were the top performers for grain yield per plant among the all parents. The former two males also rank top for harvest index. Among the female parents,JMSA 20102 also ranked first for grain yield per plant, plant height and total biomass per plant. The male parent J-2507 and female parent JMSA 101 ware noticed for the lowest value for days to 50% flowering and days to maturity.The crosses JMSA 20102 x J-2496, JMSA 20102 x J-2479 and JMSA 20102 x J-2500 were found the superior among forty five hybrids.Moreover, at least one of the parents involved in the above superior crosses found high yielder and better for other yield attributes. This suggested that the parents involved in these hybrids had a strong tendency to transmit the higher gain to the off springs.The hybrids JMSA 101 x J-2500 was found the earliest among others for days to 50% flowering and days to maturity.
A perusal of per se performance and heterosis indicated that hybrids JMSA 20102 x J-2496, JMSA 20102 x J-2479 and JMSA 20102 x J-2500 found the most promising for grain yield per plant and other desirable traits, hence could be further evaluated over environments to exploit the heterosis or utilized in future breeding programme to obtain desirable segregants for the development of superior genotypes. The hybrids JMSA 101 x J-2500 and JMSA 101 x J-2433 were observed significant and the highest negative heterosis over better parent for days to 50% flowering and days to maturity.
Analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that the mean squares due to lines x testers were significant for number of nodes on main stem, number of effective tillers per plant, plant height, ear head length, ear head girth, ear head weight, test weight, panicle index, total biomass per plant, harvest index indicated the significant contribution of SCA variance. The variance for SCA component were higher than respective GCA variances component for grain yield per plant, number of nodes on main stem, number of effective tillers per plant, ear head length, ear head weight, test weight, panicle index, total biomass per plant, harvest indexsuggested relatively greater role of non-additive gene effects in the inheritance of all these traits.
The estimates of general combining ability suggested that one female parent JMSA 20102 and three male parents J-2479, J-2496 and J-2503were found good general combiner for grain yield per plant. Moreover, these parents were also good combiners for other yield attributing characters. The parent JMSA 20102 found good general combiner not only for grain yield per plant but, also good combiners for days to maturity, number of nodes on main stem, number of effective tillers per plant, plant height, ear head girth, total biomass per plant, harvest index. Whereas, parents JMSA 101 was appeared to be good general combiner for other traits such as days to 50% flowering, plant height, test weight, panicle index, total biomass per plant. While, the parent J-2479 was good combiner for plant height, ear head weight, test weight, harvest index. The parents JMSA 101, JMSA 20102, J-2500 and J-2507 were found good general combiner for days to 50% flowering and days to maturity.
The three superior crosses namely JMSA 20102 x J-2496, JMSA 20102 x J-2479 and JMSA 20102 x J-2500exhibited higher per se performance, positively significant and high magnitude of heterobeltiosis as well as standard heterosis and significant sca effects for grain yield per plant. These hybrids also registered significantly higher heterosis and sca effects in desired direction for other yield attributing components. Therefore, these hybrids could be further evaluated over years and locations in diverse environments to exploit for commercial cultivation.
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