An Economic Analysis of Rice Cultivation in Bundi District of Rajasthan
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Date
2022
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Abstract
The present study entitled “An Economic Analysis of Rice
Cultivation in Bundi District of Rajasthan has been undertaken with aims
of study the growth rates in area, production and productivity of rice in
Bundi district and in Rajasthan state, cost of cultivation of rice and identify
the problems faced by the cultivators in production of the rice. Bundi
district comprises of five tehsils. Out of which, two tehsils, namely Bundi
and Talera were selected purposively on the basis of highest area under
rice cultivation in Bundi district. Total four villages namely Khelera,
Jamitpura from Bundi tehsil, and Ramgang and Dolera from Talera tehsil
were selected randomly. Finally, eighty rice cultivators were selected
randomly.
Both primary and secondary data were used in this study.
Information about the inputs used in cultivation and returns obtained from
output of rice cultivation in both physical and monetary terms was
collected for the kharif season-2021. The secondary data on area,
production and productivity of rice for Bundi district as well as Rajasthan
state were collected from Directorate of Economics and Statistics,
Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmer Welfare, Ministry of
Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India for a period oftwenty years (i.e.,2000-01 to 2019-2). Data were submitted to
various techniques and tools for drawing the results and relevant
conclusions.
Analysis of growth rates revealed that the semi-log growth function
was found best fitted model in this analysis. The results of the analysis
revealed that the growth rates in area, production and productivity of the
rice in Bundi district for the period 2000-01 to 2019-20 were positive at the
rate of 3.36, 6.03 and 2.58 per cent per annum, respectively. On other
hand, growth rates in area, production and productivity of rice in Rajasthan
state as a whole registered positive growth at rate of 1.46, 3.33 and 1.84
per cent per annum in area, production and productivity of rice for the
period 2000-01 to 2019-20, respectively.
Analysis of utilization of inputs in rice cultivation indicated that,
among the farm size groups, total human labour utilized in rice cultivation
per hectare was 28,33,34 and 37man days on small, semi-medium,
medium and large farms, respectively. It was observed that utilization of
total human labour had positive relationship with the size of farm holdings.
It was also noticed that the family labour utilization was found negative
relationship with the farm size holdings, while the hired human labour
utilization had positive relationship with the size of farm holdings
The study on input-wise cost of rice cultivation was revealed that,
on an average, per hectare total cost of rice cultivation was estimated at ₹
56307.00. Out of which, operational costs were ₹ 34438.07 per hectare
(i.e., 61.16 per cent of total costs) and fixed costs were ₹ 1022.66 per
hectare (i.e., 38.84 per cent of total costs). Among the farm size groups,
the total cost of rice cultivation was calculated at ₹ 51544.52, ₹ 56458.75,
₹ 57295.13 and ₹ 59929.60 per hectare on small, semi-medium, medium
and large farms, respectively. It was also observed that total cost of rice
cultivation was increased with increase in the size of farm holdings. On an
average, per hectare total human labour cost of rice cultivation was found
to be ₹ 9865.65 (i.e.,17.52 per cent of total cost). The overall rental value
of owned land was observed to be ₹ 19119.19 per hectare which
accounted for 33.96 per cent of total cost. Thus, it had highest share in
total cost of rice cultivation
Analysis of cost groups indicated that among different size group
of farms, cost C2 was lowest (i.e., ₹ 51544.52 per hectare) for small farms
and highest (i.e., ₹ 59929.60 per hectare) for large farms. The overall cost
C2 was found to be ₹ 56307.00 per hectare.
The results of study depicted that the gross incomes from rice
cultivation per hectare was found highest on small farms and lowest on
large farms. The overall gross incomes obtained from rice cultivation were
₹76772.98 per hectare.
On an average, net incomes earned from cultivation of rice were
₹20465.97. It was also observed that per hectare farm business incomes
from cultivation of rice had negative relationship with the size of farm
holdings. On an average, the obtained farm business incomes were ₹
43477.89 per hectare. The overall family labour incomes earned from rice
cultivation were estimated at ₹23336.04 per hectare. On an average,
returns per rupee were ₹1.37. It was also observed that the per hectare
cost of production per quintal of rice ranged from ₹ 1585.99 on small sized
farms to ₹ 2045.38 on large sized farms with an overall average of ₹
1843.67.
The analysis of problem faced by rice cultivators revealed that,
amongst the technical problems, improper (more and less water)
management about irrigation was the most severe problem being faced by
the selected farmers which ranked first (i.e., mean score of 74.26).
It was concluded that the high cost of labour at the time of planting
of seedlings (mean score 75.04) was found prime problems among the
input problems in the study area. In case of miscellaneous problems, high
incidence of insects-pests and diseases (mean score of 61.46) was the
major constraints faced by the respondents in the study area.