Agrotechniques to Enhance Producitivity of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) During Kharif and Summer
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Date
2011
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UAS Dharwad
Abstract
Three field experiments namely response of sesame genotypes (cvs. DS 1, E 8
and DSS 9) to recommended NPK (40: 25: 25 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O ) and 150 %
NPK at four planting geometries viz., 30 cm X 10 cm, 30 cm X 20 cm, 45 cm X 10
cm and 45 cm X 20 cm, effect of organics (vermicompost), natural mineral sources
(rock phosphate equivalent to recommended P2O5) alongwith PSB and or gypsum,
and response of sesame to integrated nutrient management (NPK + FYM), supply of
micronutrients (none, MnSO4, FeSO4, ZnSO4; each at 5 kg ha-1 and bórax at 10 kg ha-
1) and other management practices (nipping after 25 days, DAP top dressing at 25 kg
ha-1 at 25 DAS, planofix @ 5 ml 15 l-1 of water, Etheophan @ 50 ppm and Etheophan
+ planofix ) were conducted for two consecutive years during kharif 2006 and 2007
and in summer 2007 and 2008 in Zone 8 of Karnataka.
During kharif, DS 1 receiving 150 % NPK and 30 cm X 10 cm planting geometry
recorded significantly higher seed yield and net returns (798 kg ha-1and Rs. 20650 ha-
1, respectively), DSS 9 was on par. while, traditional cv. E 8 even with 150 % NPK
and 45 cm X 10 cm spacing recorded lower seed yield (513 kg ha-1). During summer,
DS 1 and E 8 (1200 and 1164 kg ha-1and Rs.47,980 and Rs. 46,560 ha-1, respectively)
were at par while DSS 9 fared poorly (944 kg ha-1and Rs. 37,760 ha-1, respectively).
Further, integrated nutrient management + DAP top dressing (792 kg ha-1 and net
returns of Rs. 18,069 ha-1) fared better among different nutrient management practices
including micronutrients and growth regulators, however, in the absence of organics,
micronutrients, growth regulators, top dressing or nipping yields were very low
(471 kg ha-1). Similar was the trend during summer. Interestingly, supply of nutrients
through organics i.e. through vermicompost, rock phosphate, PSB and gypsum were
not comparable to RDN through chemical fertilizers in yield and net returns even
when N supply through organics was increased to 150 % of RDN. Vermicompost
equal to half the RDN alone or with rock phosphate + PSB produced the lower seed
yield (328 and 331 kg ha-1, respectively).
In all, DS 1 and DSS 9 during rainy season and DS 1 and E 8 during summer
are more suited for cultivation. Adoption of 30 cm X 10 cm (3, 33, 333 plants ha-1)
spacing and using RDF along with FYM at 5 t ha-1 in addition to DAP top dressing at
the rate of 25 kg ha-1 at 25 DAS would help to obtain higher and sustained seed
yields, better quality seeds and residual soil nutrient status.