EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON PREVENTION OF INTRA ABDOMINAL ADHESIONS IN COW CALVES
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Date
2001
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AAU, Anand
Abstract
An experimental study was conducted on 30 healthy cow calves to assess the effectiveness of sodium cromoglycate (SCG), hyaluronic acid (HA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and their combination in prevention of intra abdominal adhesions in an evolved model of ileal adhesions of transmural etiology. Intra abdomioal adhesions were induced by subjecting a 60 cm loop of ileum to 70 minutes of ischaemia by ligating the mesenteric vessels and lumen at either end of the ileal loop. Animals were randomly allotted to five groups of six each. Group I (control) animals remained untreated, while the animals of Groups II, III and IV were subjected to pre-peri-&-post operative instillation of sodium cromoglycate (@ 2 mg/kg body wt. in 20 ml solution.), hyaluronic acid (20 ml of 0.1% solution) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (100 ml, 30% solution), respectively over the ischaemic ileal segment. In animals of Group V, a combination of SCG, HA and PVP were used during pre-peri-&-post operative periods, respectively. Clinical signs like rectal temperature, abdominal pain, incisional swelling, appetite and behaviour were recorded daily. Venous blood samples were collected before operation and post operatively on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 and 12 and analysed for plasma fibrinogen, serum total proteins, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, creatinine, creatine phosphokinase and urea nitrogen. Re-exploration following euthanasia was done on day 12 to assess the degree of adhesions and to collect tissue of ileum and adjacent mesentery for histopathological examination and degranulated mast cells counting, respectively. Signs of abdominal pain were noticed throughout the period of ischaemia and normalcy was restored soon after the release of ligatures. Two animals in Group I were not able to pass the faeces after 24 hours of surgery and were given soap water enema. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were noticed in the mean values of plasma fibrinogen, serum total proteins, calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, creatine phosphokinase and urea nitrogen in almost all the groups, whereas between the groups, significant (P < 0.05) differences were seen in plasma fibrinogen, serum calcium, phosphorus, creatine phosphokinase and urea nitrogen. Grossly, intra abdominal adhesions of varying degree and severity were noticed in Groups I,II, III and V. The declining trend with regard to severity and degree of adhesion formation were seen in Groups I, II, III and V, whereas Group IV remained free from any adhesions in all the animals, except for one, in which localised flimsy adhesions were observed. Histopathological assessment of sections of ileum showed +3 serosal thickening with proliferation of fibroblast in almost all the animals in Groups I^ II and III. The histopathological profile of sections of ileum in Group V showed variable lesions. Further, +2, '0' and ± thickening of serosa was noticed in three, two and one animal, respectively. In Group IV (PVP treated) serosal thickening was absent in five animals. However, in one animal +1 serosal thickening was seen. On counting of degranulated mast cells in different groups, declining trend of number of mast cells/5 high power fields was observed in control group followed by SCG, HA and mixed groups. In PVP group, least count was observed. It can be safely concluded that polyvinylpyrrolidone at the concentration of 30 per cent (100 ml solution) is highly effective in preventing intra abdominal adhesions in cow calves.
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VETERINARY SURGERY, A STUDY