SILK BASED OSTEOINDUCTIVE SCAFFOLD FOR BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING
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Date
2019-07
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati
Abstract
B. mori silk cocoons were processed by established state of the art protocol to
obtain silk fibroin aqueous solution, which was further used for scaffold fabrication. Three
types of highly porous three dimensional sponge feel scaffolds were fabricated using
traditionally used herbal based medicine i.e. Curcumin & Cissus quadrangularis. They are
Silk Fibroin scaffold (SF), Silk Fibroin blended with Curcumin (CuSF)
and Silk Fibroin
blended with Cissus quadrangularis extract (CqSF).
FESEM revealed highly porous
scaffold with homogenously distributed interconnected pores in all types of scaffolds with
pore ranging from 45.73-121.1 μm, 42.37-137.8 μm and 50.95-103.4 μm for SF, Cu-SF
and Cq-SF respectively. The average porosity for each scaffold obtained were 88.57 %,
91.47 %, 93.03 % for SF, CuSF,
CqSF
respectively. Swelling and Water Holding
Capacity were calculated to be 4.14%, 2.14% and 2.43% and 89.37 %, 92.04 % and 93.75
% for SF, CqSF,
CuSF
respectively. 42 numbers of New Zealand White rabbits were
procured from authorized supplier for the study after obtaining IAEC clearance. Scaffolds
were implanted into critical size radius bone defect (1.5 to 2 cm) following state of the art
anaesthetic protocol. 0.5ml autologous bone marrow (BM) was collected and seeded
immediately after collection for each type of scaffold considering as a separate animal
group. Satisfactory clear radiographic union could be observed as early as by 30th day and
initiation of remodeling by 60th day for Cu-SF & Cu-SF-BM groups. SF & SF-BM group
radiographic union was evidence by 60th day but with a less opaque area compared to Cu-
SF & Cu-SF-BM group. Relatively satisfactory radiographic union was also observed by
the end of the observation period in Cq-SF group. In contrast, Cq-SF-BM group revealed
no radiographic union even up to the end of the observation period. Histological samples
were collected at the end of the radiographic observation (90th day) and processed for H &
E staining. New blood vessel, marrow cells and new bone tissue could also be
demonstrated for both Cu-SF & Cu-SF-BM group. In both SF & SF-BM group fibrous
connective tissue could be visualized, along with cartilaginous tissue in SF-BM group. In
Cq-SF group also along with fibrous connective tissue with new boney tissue could be
demonstrated. But in Cq-SF-BM group fibrous connective tissue could only be
demonstrated. Finally it could be concluded that B. mori silk fibroin could effectively be
used and biofunctionalized with traditionally known fracture healing herbal based
ingredients for bone tissue engineering application as evidence by satisfactory radiographic
and histological findings in Cu-SF, Cu-SF-BM and Cq-SF groups.