In-situ rice residue management and its effect on growth and tuber yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
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Date
2021
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “In-situ rice residue management and its effect on growth and tuber yield
of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)” was carried simultaneously out at two different locations viz. Students’
Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana and Krishi Vigyan
Kendra, Moga during autumn season of 2019-20. Soil of the experimental field at PAU, Ludhiana was sandy
loam in texture with average bulk density of 1.45 g cm-3, normal in reaction (pH 7.40) and electrical
conductivity (0.224 ds m-1), low in organic carbon (0.36 per cent) and low in available soil nitrogen (169.4
kg ha-1) and medium in available soil phosphorous (19.6 kg ha-1) and available soil potassium (206.4 kg ha1
). While at Moga, soil was clay loam in texture with average bulk density of 1.37 g cm-3, normal in reaction
(pH 8.1) and electrical conductivity (0.416 ds m-1), medium in organic carbon (0.51 per cent), low in
available soil nitrogen (244.6 kg ha-1), high in available soil phosphorous (25.2 kg ha-1) and medium in
available soil potassium (286.9 kg ha-1). Present field experiment laid out in strip plot design comprised of
twelve treatments which included two straw load treatments which consisted of control (no loose straw) and
7 tonnes/ha straw load in vertical plots and three machinery operations which included harvesting by
combine fitted with SMS + Mulcher + Reversible Mould Board Plough + Rotavator, harvesting by combine
fitted with SMS + Reversible Mould Board Plough + Rotavator, harvesting by combine fitted with SMS +
Disc Harrow + Rotavator and two depth of ploughing (shallow and deep) in horizontal plots with four
replications. The results revealed that significantly higher number of plants emerged with straw load of 7
tonnes/ha, harvesting by combine fitted with SMS + Mulcher + Reversible Mould Board Plough + Rotavator
machinery operation and deep ploughing treatment. At 70 DAP and maturity, plant height, dry matter
accumulation by haulms and tubers, Leaf Area Index were recorded significantly higher with 7 tonnes/ha
straw load, harvesting by combine fitted with SMS + Mulcher + Reversible Mould Board Plough +
Rotavator machinery operation and deep ploughing treatments. However, plant height, dry matter
accumulation by haulms and tubers and Leaf Area Index were not significantly affected at 35 DAP among
different treatments. The treatment where 7 tonnes/ha straw load was added produced tuber yield of 27.0 t/ha
at Ludhiana which 7.1 per cent higher than control (no loose straw) and at Moga, the tuber yield was 23.5
t/ha which was 8.2 per cent higher than control (no loose straw) treatment. Among machinery operations,
harvesting by combine fitted with SMS + Mulcher + Reversible Mould Board Plough + Rotavator machinery
operation resulted in 10.9 and 15.6 per cent higher tuber yield at Ludhiana and Moga, respectively than
harvesting by combine fitted with SMS + Disc harrow + Rotavator machinery operation. Deep ploughing
recorded 12.2 and 7.3 per cent higher tuber yield at Ludhiana and Moga, respectively than shallow
ploughing. Similar trend was found for other yield attributes (number of tubers per plant, tuber weight per
plant and tuber grading) as for tuber yield was recorded at both the locations. Straw load, machinery
operations and depth of ploughing treatments showed no significant influence on chlorophyll index, soil
physical and chemical properties (soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, bulk density, soil strength
and infiltration rate) after harvest of potato, available soil nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium at 35 DAP,
70 DAP and maturity. Quality parameters failed to show any significant improvement with incorporation of
straw load, machinery operations and depth of ploughing treatment. Soil moisture content was found to be
significantly affected under different treatments at both the locations at all the stages except at 35 DAP.
However, soil temperature was found non-significant under different machinery operations at Ludhiana but
was found significant at Moga except at 35 DAP. Higher gross returns, higher net returns with higher benefit
cost ratio was obtained when straw load of 7 tonnes/ha was added, harvesting by combine fitted with SMS +
Mulcher + Reversible Mould Board Plough + Rotavator machinery operation and deep ploughing treatment.
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Citation
Jasneen Kaur (2021). In-situ rice residue management and its effect on growth and tuber yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)