ON TOXOPLASMOSIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SERODIAGNOSIS
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Date
2003-09
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Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P
Abstract
ABSTRACT :
The research work on "Studies on Toxoplasmosis with special reference to serodiagnosis" was under taken to evaluate certain serodiagnostic tests for large scale screening in sheep and pigs in selected places in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. In the present study, the oocysts typical of T. gondii by morphologic criteria were isolated from cats.
Attempts were made to diagnose Toxoplasmosis in sheep and pigs by using modified agglutination test and Dot-Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Two diagnostic antigens were prepared from mice peritoneal fluid infected with Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites of RH strain. The protein content of the whole formalin fixed tachyzoite antigen was 1.44 μg/μl. A total of 257 sera samples were examined by MAT. The percentage of seropositivity was 21.01. Among the sheep from organised farms (18.37%) and slaughter houses (21.83%) and both male (17.65%) and female (23.91%), there was no significant difference in seroprevalence (P > 0.05). The highest antibody titre of 1 in 8000 was observed in 2 sheep. MAT detected toxoplasma antibodies in 103 pigs out of 195 examined with a overall percentage of 52.82. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was comparatively high in males (43.33%) than females (35.29%). The antibody titre of as high as 1:1600 was observed in 12 pigs.
Dot-ELISA was standardized to detect toxoplasmosis in sheep and pigs for the first time. A total of 207 sheep sera samples were examined. The percentage of seropositivity was 23.67. Among the sheep from organised farms (36.60%) and slaughter houses (21.12%) and both male (23.71%) and female (26.64%), there was no significant difference in seroprevalence (P > 0.05). Dot-ELISA detected toxoplasma antibodies in 80 pigs out of 195 examined with a overall percentage of 52.82. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was comparatively high in males (33.33%) than females (29.41%).
The prevalence of toxoplasmosis in human beings was studied by using commercially available ELISA kit (sigma) in Bidar District of Karnataka. A total of 78 individuals were screened. The per cent prevalence in human beings was 33.33. Among the 6 categories of individuals suffering from various ailments, the prevalence was more in individuals suspected for acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and also in AIDS confirmed patients. Serodiagnostic tests such as MAT and Dot-ELISA detected anti-toxoplasma antibodies in sheep and pigs. A systematic study on toxoplasmosis was conducted in parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka to document the prevalence of disease in sheep and pigs in view of the high zoonotic potential of these two important food animals in spreading the disease to human beings. The MAT and Dot-ELISA were found to be rapid, easy to perform, visually read, does not require costly instruments and equipments. Therefore these tests can be routinely employed in any National Survey Programme in detection of toxoplasma antibodies in livestock population.
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Keywords
TOXOPLASMOSIS; SERODIAGNOSIS; sheep; pigs;