Study of heterosis and Combining ability in bottle gourd[Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.]
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Date
2017-07
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Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture), BAU, Sabour
Abstract
Bottle gourd is a tropical and subtropical vine. Bottle gourd belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae having chromosome number, 2n = 22. It is commonly known as white flowered gourd, Calabash gourd, Lauki, Ghia etc. The current production level of vegetables is over 175.2 million tons from an area of 10.30 million hectares. Bottle gourd occupies an area of 1.57 million hectares with a production of 2.57 million tons in India. Hybrids are important due to high yield and uniformity and breeders are in look out for new hybrids. Heterosis and specific combining ability are good source for better hybrid selection while the general combining ability for the selection of better combiner parent useful in breeding purpose.
Diallel mating scheme was adopted to develop 21 hybrids in spring summer season of 2016 and the hybrids along with the seven parents and one checks were evaluated in RCBD with two replications in the autumn-winter season of 2016 to accomplish the objectives to study the mean performance of parents and their crosses for the character under study, to study the general and specific combining ability variances and their effects for the characters under study, to study the extent and magnitude of heterosis. On the basis of mean performance, the earliness was observed in BRBG 51-2 × Punjab Komal and highest fruit yield was found in BRBG 65 × Punjab Komal followed by BRBG 51-2 × BRBG 190 and BRBG 21-2 × Pusa Naveen. Among all hybrids, the highest TSS (%) was observed in BRBG 42-2 × Punjab Komal, highest ascorbic acid was observed in Punjab Komal and highest ß Carotene Content (mg/ 100g) in Pusa Naveen. On gca basis, BRBG 190 was found better for fruit yield per vine and total fruit yield and Punjab Komal for earliness where as Pusa Naveen and Punjab Komal for biochemical parameters. On sca basis, BRBG 65 × Punjab Komal was the best for fruit yield and BRBG 21-2 × BRBG 190 and BRBG 51-2 × BRBG 190 were the best for most of the biochemical parameters. Ray et al. (2015) and Shindeet al. (2016) reported similar finding for heterosis, gene action and combining ability in bottle gourd. BRBG 65 x Punjab Komal possessed high significant BPH (60.02 %) and SH (40.16 %) for total fruit yield, while BRBG 51-2 x BRBG 190 possessed high significant standard heterosis for β Carotene content while BRBG 42-2 x Punjab Komal had high significant standard heterosis for total soluble solids, and pusa Naveen x Punjab Komal possessed high significant standard heterosis for ascorbic acid.
The additive components (D) of genetic variance was found to be highly significant for average fruit weight and number of fruits per vine. The estimates of dominance components viz. H1, H2 and h2 were evaluated which H1 and H2 were found to be highly significant for all the trait. Dominance components (h2) was found in few characters viz. fruits per vine, fruit yield per vine and yield (q/ha) suggested the role of dominance components for this trait. The estimated for E component for days to first fruit harvest, fruits per vine, average fruit weight and β carotene showed significant value. The average degree of dominance was more than one for all the characters showed over dominance excluding fruit length. On the basis of findings, the genotypes viz. BRBG 190 and BRBG 51-2 have better general combining ability moreover, the crosses viz. BRBG 65 x Punjab Komal, and BRBG 21-2 x BRBG 190 were better performing hybrids for yield and quality contributing traits and can be used in future bottle gourd improvement programme for high yield and quality.
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