Screening of wheat germplasm against stripe and leaf rust and confirmation of resistant genes with molecular markers
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Date
2014-06
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
In India, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a staple food. Rusts caused by Puccinia striiformis West. (Stripe rust) and Puccinia triticina Eriks. (Leaf rust) are the most important and destructive diseases of wheat in India and elsewhere that affects its yield potential. Although the
chemical control of these diseases is known but it is not economic and environmental friendly to be used on a large scale. Due to the frequent breakdown of major seedling resistance genes Yr9, Yr27, Lr9, Lr18 and Lr28 in recent years and difficulties in quick replacement of susceptible
wheat varieties led to the investigations of others forms of disease resistance like adult plant resistance and slow rusting which are considered as more durable. The present studies were carried out with the following objectives: i) Screening of wheat germplasms against stripe and
leaf rust in the field under epiphytotic condition, ii) Study of seedling resistance test with different pathotypes of stripe and leaf rust, iii) Study of severity of stripe and leaf rust with area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), iv) Identification of germplasm possessing effective major and adult plant resistant genes with the help of molecular markers. In the study, 980 germplasm accessions were screened against stripe and leaf rusts during 2012-2013 crop season. Out of 980 germplasm accessions, 30 accessions i.e. (1) EC-692221, 2) EC-635538,3) EC-636264, 4) EC693271, 5) EC-664200, 6) EC-693252, 7) EC-692231, 8) EC-693322, 9) EC-663926, 10) EC-635590, 11) EC-635861, 12) EC-635683, 13) EC-664208, 14) EC-635721, 15) EC-635614, 16) EC-635627, 17) EC-664244, 18) EC-635881, 19) EC-597991, 20) EC-620046, 21) EC-664315,
22) EC-597999, 23) EC-635741, 24) EC-635711, 25) EC-635609, 26) EC-635612, 27) EC-693289, 28) EC-635705, 29) EC-635602 and 30) EC-664299) showing resistance response towards both the diseases were randomly selected for Seedling Resistance Test (SRT) in green house and adult plant response in the field during 2013-2014 crop season. The germplasm accessions 4 (EC-693271), 8 (EC-693322), 13 (EC-664208), 16 (EC-635627), 17 (EC-634244), 18 (EC-635881), 20 (EC-692246) and 26 (EC-635612) were found to be resistant towards stripe rust at seedling stage as well as adult plant stage. It was confirmed deploying SSR marker Xgwm273 that these 8 accessions possesses Yr15 gene, which is a major gene. The 9 accessions i.e. 1 (EC-692221), 8 (EC-693322), 14 (EC-635721), 16 (EC-635627), 17 (EC-634244), 23 (EC635741),
24 (EC-635711), 26(EC-635612) and 28 (EC-635705) showed leaf rust resistance at adult plant. With the use of STS marker csLV34 the presence of Lr34/Yr18 gene (an adult plant resistant gene) in these 9 accessions were also confirmed. The relationship between the plot yield
and A-value for both the diseases was observed as negatively correlated which signify that plot yield decreases when A- value increases. These accessions 15 (EC-635614) and 30 (EC-664299) were found to be susceptible at both the stages to leaf and stripe rusts respectively. Remaining
accessions which do not possess Yr15 and Lr34/Yr18 genes, however showing phenotypically adult plant resistance to both the rusts, this might be due to the presence of some other effective Yr and Lr genes
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