Studies on isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds in lime [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm) Swingle], their antioxidant and anticancer properties
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Date
2009
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UAS Dharwad
Abstract
Investigations were conducted to isolate, purify and study the antioxidant and chemopreventive
effects of bioactive compounds in both juice, seed and peel of lime fruit. Lime
volatile oil was also extracted from fruits and subjected for characterization of compounds
and their anticancer properties. Physiologically mature fruits from India and USA were used
for the investigation. The research was carried out at Vegetable and Fruits Improvement
Centre, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
Results of HPLC analysis revealed that hesperidin and rutin were the major
flavonoids and Limonexic acid and Isolimonexic acid were the prominent limonoids in lime
juice. While, limonin was the major compound in lime seeds, followed by Isolimonexic acid
and Llimonexic acid. Further, the lime juice, seed and peel extracted by various solvents
indicated radical scavenging activity comparable to ascorbic acid.
Twenty-two volatile components were identified from Citrus aurantifolia using
GC-MS, of which the major compounds were D-limonene, D-dihydrocarvone, verbena,
-linalool, -terpinol, trans- -bergamotene. Further, the bioactive compounds isolated from
seeds were found to posses the potential of inhibiting human pancreatic cancer cells. While,
the compounds purified from peel had the potential of suppressing the colon cancer cells.
The purified compounds from seeds exhibited significant inhibition of Panc-28 cells
with IC50 values in the range of 18.1 - 100 μM, which was confirmed by viable cell count.
DNA fragmentation and expression of proteins in cells treated with compounds showed the
induction of apoptosis through p53 and caspase-3 mediated, but p21 independent pathway.
The volatile oil showed 78 per cent inhibition of human colon cancer cells (SW-480) with
100 μg/ml concentration at 48 h. Lime volatile oil showed DNA fragmentation and induction
of caspase-3 up to 1.8 and two folds after 24 and 48 h, respectively.