Studies on Seed-Borne Fungal Diseases of Sesame with Special Reference to Alternaria Sesami (Kawamura) Mohanty and Behera
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Date
2013
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UAS, Dharwad
Abstract
Sesamum or otherwise called as sesame, (Sesamum indicum L.) locally called as til,
belongs to family Pedaliaceae, originated from East Africa. Sesame oil is known for its
excellent nutritional, medicinal, cosmetic and cooking qualities for which it is considered as
'the queen of oils' in the West and in Tamil as ‘nallennai’ meaning good oil. A large
proportion of sesame is used for producing edible oil, while purely white sesame seeds are in
demand on conventional markets due to their higher oil content. Sesamum oil is used for
manufacturing perfumed oils and for medicinal purposes. Sesamum cake is a rich source of
protein, carbohydrates and mineral nutrients such as calcium and phosphorous.
The present investigation studies were carried out on seed-borne fungal diseases of
sesame with special reference to Alternaria sesami (Kawamura) Mohanty and Behera during
2012-13 which included testing of sesame seed samples for seed borne mycoflora, evaluation
of seed health testing methods, seed to plant transmission studies and management of
Alternaria leaf spot of sesame.
Seed health testing of sesame seed samples collected from different parts of northern
Karnataka revealed the dominance 12.94% of Alternaria sesami. Deep freezing method
revealed only the presence of saprophytic fungi like Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp.
Among different seed health testing methods, standard blotter method was found to be good
for detecting the seed-borne infection of Alternaria sesami to an extent of 91.63% in sesame.
The pathogenic ability of seed borne infection of A. sesami was proved in seed
transmission study. Seed dressing fungicide viz., @ 0.2% Hexaconazole and Avatar 0.3%
(Hexaconazole + Zineb), bio-agent i.e., Trichoderma harzianum @ 10 g/kg seeds and
botanical @ 5 ml of Allium sativum were found as the most effective in eliminating seedborne
infection of A. sesami.