INFLUENCE OF CHITIN DIM GROWTH AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN GROWING PIGS
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Date
1993
Authors
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COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCE,MANNUTHY
Abstract
A study was carried out to find out the influence of
feedrn, chitin to pigs on th.ir growth, carcass
Characteristics, Wood eel, count and haemoglobin
ccncentration, serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and
V acid profile of muscle and backfat.
Twenty-four -weareS. female Piglings of Large White
Ycrhshi e breed were assigned to three groups of eight each.
groups were fei chitin with a standard farm ration at
l3ve;,s Of 0.5 per cent (Group 1, and 1 per cent (Group 2), and
inc .remaining group, which served as the control, was fed only
the ration without addition of chitin (Group 3, . Ml animals
-..a housed individually and were fed in two 1-hour feeding
perirds daily.
Digestibility of Chitin did not differ between the two
chrtin-fed groups. The percentage of digestibility increased
rrcm, age 3 months (79.37 t 1.85 to 80.49 + i 85) t^ 5
— -'-•od; til 5 months
(55,36 + 1.13 to 9986..5544 ++ 1i .05) anjd thereafter remained
constant at 7 months (95.35 + 1.33 to 95.77 + 1.57,.
The chitin-fed groups had significantly (P<0.05 or
O.Oi; higher body weights than the controls from 18th to 40th
(ii)
week of age. compared with the controls, the ohitin-fed
groups had higher total gains in weight by 11 to 12 kg.
Both the chitin-fed groups also had significantly
(P<0.05 or 0.01) higher average daily gains than the controls
from 18th to 40th week of age. The pigs in all groups showed
a peak rate of gain at 32nd week of age.
The chitin-fed groups also averaged higher body
lengths, heights and girths, and also higher daily gains in
these measures as compared with the control group.
Daily feed intake increased with age of animals in all
the groups. Daily feed intake did not differ significantly
between the groups.
For all the groups, maximum feed efficiency was
recorded between 16th and 30th week of age. As compared with
the controls, the chitin-fed groups showed higher feed
efficiency. The differences between the control and chitinfed
groups were found to be significant (P<0.05) at the end of
the experiment.
The pigs in the chitin-fed groups averaged higher
Slaughter weights than the controls at 5, 7 and 9 months of
age.
(iii)
For the pigs in all groups, carcass length, ham weight
and eye-muscle area showed higher percentages of gain between
5 and 7 months than between 7 and 9 months of age. The
percentage of ham decreased with increase in age and weight of
animals. The chitin-fed groups of pigs showed higher carcass
lengths, ham weights and eye-muscle areas than the control
group at each stage of slaughter.
The backfat deposition showed a higher deposition
between 5 and 7 months than between 7 and 9 months of age,
while the majority of leaf fat deposition took place between 7
and 9 months of age. The percentage of leaf fat increased
with increase in age and weight of animals in all the groups.
The chitin-fed groups showed lower backfat thickness and lower
percentages of leaf fat than the controls at each stage of
^ slaughter.
The increase in dressing percentage was found to be
higher between 7 and 9 months than between 5 and 7 months of
age, for all groups of pigs. The chitin-fed groups yielded
higher dressing percentages than the control group at each
stage of slaughter.
The weight of internal organs increased with age of
animals, whereas weight of internal organs as percentage of
live weight decreased. The control group of pigs had higher
¨
(iv)
percentages of internal organs than the chitin-fed groups at
each slaughter age.
The haemoglobin concentration, total erythrocyte
count, total leukocyte count, and differential leukocyte count
did not differ significantly between the groups of pigs at 5,
7 or 9 months of age.
The pigs in group 2 averaged the lowest serum
cholesterol and triglyceride levels followed by the pigs in
group 1 and group 3, in that order, at 5, 7 and 9 months of
age. The differences in serum cholesterol concentration
between the pigs in group 2 and the pigs in either group 1 or
group 3 were found to be significant (P<0.05) at 7 months and
highly significant (P<0.01) at 9 months of age.
The serum triglyceride concentration followed the same
trend as serum cholesterol concentration, between the groups
of pigs. However, the differences were not found to be
statistically significant.
The fatty acid composition of muscle and backfat did
not differ noticeably between the groups at 5 months of age.
At the subsequent ages of 7 and 9 months, the chitin-fed
groups showed markedly higher degree of unsaturation and lower
saturation than the control group. Higher percentages of
oleic acid and lower percentages of palmitic acid were
L
(V)
recorded for the chitin-fed groups as compared with the
control group.
The results revealed that chitin had growth-promoting/
hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effect in pigs. It also
improved the degree of unsaturation in pig meat.
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