INVENTORISATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN SOLAN DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
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Date
2013
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ABSTRACT
The investigation entitled “Inventorization of water resources in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during 2012-2013 in Solan Block, District Solan of Himachal Pradesh. To inventorize the water sources, survey was conducted as per prestructured performa. People’s perception was also recorded to verify the inventorisation. To find out the water quality four dominant land use systems namely industrial, urban/suburban, institutional and rural were studied. The collected water samples were analyzed for various parameters like pH, EC, BOD, COD, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl-. In Solan Block the total water sources recorded in the field were 3218. After recording the additional small scale sources in the region additional 34 sources was inventorised as compared to the official records. Out of the total water sources only 3070 are being commercially exploited for use in the region and a total of 499 handpumps were installed. Out of the total water sources in Solan District, 22% ground and 30% surface water sources were in Solan Block. The people perception indicated that out of 35 panchayats, seven panchayats have water deficiency. In Solan Block only 303.4 ha of total area is covered under 11 major irrigation schemes utilizing water from Nullahs, Khuds and Rivers. A total population of 62,753 in rural area of Solan Block has a water requirement of 43,92,710 liters per day whereas, that of urban population (37935) was 47,41,875 liters per day. The total water requirement of Solan Block comes recorded was 91,34,585 liters per day for a population of 1,00,688. The total water storage capacity in Solan Block is 52,13,122.28 gallons to meet the demand of 100688 inhabitants along with the water requirement for other purposes. But this capacity remains unutilized many times due to less water availability.. The pH of the water sources ranged from 7.24 to 7.92. The highest value of pH (7.92) was found in institutional landuse system. EC ranged from 0.41 to 0.92 dS/m. Maximum EC (0.92 dS/m) was found in institutional land use. The mean COD value of water was found to range from 63.75 to 111.08 mg/l. The highest COD (111.08 mg/l) was noticed under institutional land use. The BOD for water on an average ranged from 1.44 to 12.35 mg/l. Under industrial land use highest BOD (12.35 mg/l) was recorded. Value of Calcium content ranged from 51.28 to 90.48 mg/l and the maximum calcium content of 90.48 mg/l was under institutional land use. Magnesium of water sources on an average ranged from 26.87 to 37.76 mg/l. The maximum concentration of magnesium (37.76 mg/l) was found under industrial land use. The Cl- content of water sources of Solan block on an average ranged from 14.05 to 38.06 mg/l. The highest value of Cl- (38.06 mg/l) was recorded under institutional land use. Therefore, industrialization and institutionalization in Solan Block has resulted BOD, COD, Ca and Mg content in the water sources above WHO standards. Study indicated that industrialization and institutionalization have started impacting the water quality of Solan Block.