Assessment of livelihood system and strategies in rural households: A gender analysis
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Date
2017
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CCSHAU
Abstract
Livelihoods are the ways in which people satisfy their needs, or gain a living. The
present study was conducted in four districts two each from Eastern and Western zones of Haryana.
Total 300 household from different landholding categories were selected from four villages of the
selected districts. Socio-economic profile of the respondents revealed that majority of the households
was headed by males. Majorities of landless male as well as females were working as casual labour
while most of small, medium and large lands holding males were self-employed in agriculture in both
the zones. Income of majority of landless and marginal households was mainly through wages but
other categories earned income through farming, livestock, salary and other sources. Medium framers
in Eastern and large farmers in Western zone scored high for intensification/extensification strategies
while small and medium farmers had higher scores for diversification. Crop intensity up to the extent
of 100-200 per cent was obtained by majority of farmers irrespective of land holding and zone, though
about one fourth large farmers were getting crop intensity above 200 per cent. Physical, financial and
social assets increased with size of land holding, while human and natural assets decreased. Maximum
ratio of working to non working population was found among landless categories. Prevalence of
chronic illness was found more among larger landholding categories and even more among females.
Insect/ pest attack, irregular income, inflation in cost of inputs, unemployment, non-supportive
governance policies, poor support price/procurement, non availability of quality seeds/fertilizers were
perceived as serious problems among majority of farmers. Different categories of farmers adopted
coping mechanism to tackle the problems. Land, caste, family size, education and occupation were
found positively and significantly associated with assets and livelihood strategies. Coping mechanism
was found positively and significantly associated with caste, education, family education and
livelihood strategies.
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