STUDIES ON MODIFIED BIOGAS PLANT FOR POWER GENERATION.
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Date
2019-10-11
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Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra.
Abstract
The project entitled “Studies on modified biogas plant for power generation” was undertaken during 2018-19 in the Department of Unconventional Energy Sources and Electrical Engineering, Post Graduate Institute, Dr. PDKV Akola with the objectives to characterize feed stock material, to evaluate the performance of biogas plant for power generation and to study on economic feasibility of biogas plant for power generation. A 50 m3 fixed dome modified biogas plant was constructed in the university dairy for meeting out the electrical demand of dairy in some extent. In the proximate analysis of cattle dung and digested slurry, the average moisture content, total solid, volatile matter, ash content and fixed carbon were determined and found to be 79.79, 20.31, 15.83, 3.60, 1.06 %, and 89.12, 11.05, 7.83, 2.19, 1.03%, respectively. The ultimate analysis of cattle dung and digested slurry, determined the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen content which were found to be 27.51, 13.44, 1.78, 53.78 % and 32.09, 6.82, 1.94, 56.95 %, respectively. During study period the maximum and minimum temperature were found to be 41 and 23 0C, respectively. The maximum and minimum biogas production were observed as 40 and 22 m3/day respectively. An average biogas production was found to be, 27.24 m3/day. The per cent carbon dioxide content was initially higher in the biogas due to unstabilization of methanogenic process. After stabilization of process of biomethanation, methane and carbon di-oxide contents of generated biogas were measured. The methane and carbon dioxide contents in produced biogas were determined after 5 weeks were found to be 57.51 and 41.33 per cent. Initial ten days the methane content was around 54 to 57 per cent, thereafter it was remain constant and found above 57 per cent for the remaining period. The maximum methane content in the biogas production was 62 per cent. Methanogenic bacteria are very sensitive to changes in pH during the production of biogas. The optimum range of pH for satisfactory biogas production lies between 6.5 to 7.5. The pH value decreased after digestion as compare to the feed stock before digestion. An average pH of fresh cattle dung and digested slurry were found to be 7.16 and 6.77, respectively. The cattle dung and digested slurry was analyzed for nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of before and after digestion. In cattle dung, N, P and K were determined as 1.13, 0.75 and 0.55, respectively whereas in digested slurry 1.33, 0.90 and 0.68, respectively. The performance of the gas engine run on 100% biogas was evaluated under no load, half load and full load test. The experiment was carried out to find out average biogas consumption (m3/h), speed of engine (rpm), output voltage (V) and current (A) and found to be 2.02, 1501, 354 and 0, respectively, for no load test, 2.22, 1411, 363, and 5.9, respectively for half load test, 3.30, 1405, 409 and 10.15, respectively for full load test. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of the engine directly proportional to the speed of the engine, hence BTE of engine decreased with decrease in speed of the engine. An average BTE in half load and full load were found 21.97 and 28.36 % respectively. The maximum BTE in half load test and full load test was found that 23.35 and 29.24 % respectively. The minimum BTE in half load test were 21.08 and 27.65%, respectively. An economic analysis of the biogas power generation unit have suggested the system is economically viable with, cost benefit ratio 1.86, payback period three years. Thus, it is revealed that the electricity production from biogas is economically feasible in the present energy scenario.
Description
The presentation investigation on electric power generate from the agricultural waste by using the large capacity fixed dome type biogas plant, it is required to characterized the feedstock material and digested slurry. To evaluated the performance of the biogas plant for power generation.
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Citation
BHAVAR, SHAILENDRA VILAS. (2019). Studies on modified biogas plant for power generation. Department of Unconventional Energy Sources and Electrical Engineering, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. M. Tech. 2019. Print. xvi, 92p. (Unpublished).