EFFICACY OF IMMUNOMODULATORS IN ADDRESSING UTERINE INFECTION IN CATTLE
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Date
2013-07
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Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati
Abstract
A study was conducted on 72 crossbred cows comprising 18 normal cyclic and 54 metritic cows with a view to comparing efficacy of intrauterine treatment of E. coli LPS and Oyster glycogen in inducing uterine immunity, controlling bacterial contamination of the uterus and obtaining conception in the metritic cows. Metritis was diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs, pH of uterine discharge and white side test. E. coli LPS and Oyster glycogen was used at the dose of 100µg and 500 mg respectively each in 20 ml of phosphate buffer saline solution (pH 7.2).
The study revealed that all metritic cows showed mucopurulent discharge, thick uterine wall, alkaline pH (≥8) and positive reaction to white side test while none of the normal cows showed these diagnostic characteristics of metritis. Level of uterine defence mechanism as measured by per cent neutrophil, total leucocyte count (TLC), concentration of total protein and IgG of the uterine lavage was higher in metritic cows as compared to that in the normal. In normal and metritic cows the respective mean values were 57.18 ± 0.60 and 69.62 ± 1.71 per cent for neutrophil, 0.07 ± 0.01 and 0.22 ± 0.02×106/ml for TLC, 0.104 ± 0.00002 and 0.144 ± 0.0003 g/dl for total protein and 0.006 ± 0.0001 and 0.013 ± 0.0003 mg/ml for IgG concentration.
E. coli LPS and Oyster glycogen when administered intrauterine at the dose of 100 g and 500 mg respectively stimulated uterine defence mechanism in terms of increased TLC and concentration of total protein and IgG in both normal and metritic cows. In E. coli LPS and Oyster glycogen treated normal cows the respective mean values were 3.31 ± 0.22 and 1.43 ± 0.53 × 106/ml for TLC, 0.149 ± 0.00002 and 0.135 ± 0.00002 g/dl for total protein concentration and 0.011 ± 0.0001 and 0.008 ± 0.0001 mg/ml for IgG content of the uterine lavage. In metritic cows for the two treatment groups the respective mean value were 13.97 ± 0.47 and 7.88 ± 0.34 × 106/ml for TLC, 0.250 ± 0.0001 and 0.227 ± 0.0002 g/dl for total protein and 0.025 ± 0.0001 and 0.020 ± 0.0001 mg/ml for IgG content of the uterine lavage. In both normal and metritic cows mean values recorded following E. coli LPS treatment were higher than that observed in Oyster glycogen treatment, indicating superior immunomodulatory effect of E. coli LPS over Oyster glycogen.
Bacteriological study revealed that 83.33 per cent metritic and 16.67 per cent normal cow uteri were positive for bacterial isolates and the bacteria were Staphylococcus sp., E. coli, Streptococcus sp. and Brucella sp. in metritic and only Staphylococcus sp. in normal cows. Both E. coli LPS and Oyster glycogen were effective in controlling bacterial infection in metritic cows. Following intrauterine treatment with either E. coli LPS or Oyster glycogen only 16.67 per cent were found positive for bacterial isolates against 83.33 per cent in the control (non-treated) cows.
Inseminations carried out in metritic cows after 24 hours of intrauterine treatment with E. coli LPS resulted in only 16.66 per cent conception rate against none following insemination with Oyster glycogen and Ciprofloxacin with Tinidazole .When inseminations were carried out in the subsequent oestrus period following treatment conception rate was 83.33, 50.00 and 50.00 per cent in cows treated with E. coli LPS, Oyster glycogen and Ciprofloxacin with Tinidazole respectively.
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