Effect of seed rates and nitrogen levels in relation to crop residue management on microenvironment and productivity of bed planted soybean-wheat system
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Date
2008
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
A field trial was conducted on soybean (var. SL 525)- wheat (var. PBW-343) in a system at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during kharif and rabi season of 2006-07 on loamy sand soil consisting of 12 treatment combinations arranged in split plot design replicated three times with three bed plantings [Fresh beds (FB), Permanent beds (PB) and Alternate beds (FB/PB)] in main plots, two crop residue management [Residue incorporation/mulching (R) and No incorporation/No mulching (Ro) and two seed rates/nitrogen levels [75 kg ha-1 (S100) and 93.75 kg ha-1 (S125)/ 90 kg N ha-1 (N90) and 120 kg N ha-1 (N120)] in sub plots. In soybean, treatment R tended to record lower soil temperature 29.5°C at 7.30 am and 38.4°C at 2.30 pm, significantly higher PARI (%) at all growth stages except at 30 DAS, significantly higher DMA at all stages of plant growth except 30 DAS, higher LAI, higher root density, significantly higher no. of pods/plant (92.6 pods/plant) than R0. Recommended seed rate ( S100) recorded significantly higher soil temperature, higher canopy temperature, significantly lower PARI (%), significantly lower DMA except at 30 DAS, lower LAI, significantly higher number of nodules (29.1) and dry weight of nodules (129.7 mg), more root density at 0-15 cm soil depth, significantly more number of pods/ plant than S125 treatment. FB produced similar yields with PB and FB/PB in both crops. Higher seed yield (22.6 q ha-1) of soybean was obtained in FB/PB which was statistically on par with the yield obtained in PB (21.4 q ha-1) and FB (21.2 q ha-1). Treatment R produced significantly higher seed yield of soybean (22.6 q ha-1) than R0 (20.8 q ha-1). Higher seed yield (22.3 q ha-1) of soybean was recorded under S125 treatments than (21.1 q ha-1) in S100.
In wheat, soil temperature tended to record higher under PB (16.9°C at 7.30 am and 25.8°C at 2.30 pm), R0 (16.7°C at 7.30 am and 25.7°C at 2.30 pm) and N90 than FB, FB/PB, R and N120. Canopy temperature was also higher under PB, R0 and N90 than FB, FB/PB, R and N120 but differences where on par statistically except 120 DAS where N¬90 tended to record significantly higher canopy temperature than N120. PARI (%) was found to be non significant in all treatments and at all stages of crop growth except at 30 DAS where FB tended to record significantly higher PARI (%) than PB. Plant height, DMA, LAI, effective tillers, number of grains per ear of wheat tended to be higher under FB, R and N120 treatments than PB, FB/PB, R0 and N90. Higher grain yield (41.4 q ha-1) of wheat was tended to record in FB than FB/PB (41.1 q ha-1) and PB (40.6 q ha-1). R treatment recorded higher grain yield (41.1 q ha-1 ) than R0 (40.9 q ha-1). Treatment N120 tended to recorded higher grain yield (41.2 q ha-1) than N¬90 (40.8 q ha-1). Protein content in grain was higher under FB (11.4 %), R (11.3 %) and N120 (11.5 %) than PB (11.2 %), FB/PB (10.9 %) and N90 (10.8 %). Available N and organic carbon status of soil also increased at end of experiment than the initial status. The higher value of penetration resistance was recorded under PB, R0 and S125/N90 treatments than FB, FB/PB and S100/N120 treatments. Infiltration rate tended to higher under FB/PB, PB and R than FB, R0 and at both nitrogen levels.
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