Anti-Diabetic Effects of Vanadium Pentoxide And Nano Vanadium Pentoxide in Experimentally Induced Diabetic Rats
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Date
2014
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
TANUVAS, Chennai
Abstract
Vanadium is an important trace element that has an insulin mimetic effect
and plays an important role in lipid and protein metabolism. The present work was
taken up with the objective of studying anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities of
vanadium pentoxide and nano vanadium pentoxide on streptozotocin induced
diabetic rats.
Diabetes was induced in rats by single intraperitoneal injection of
streptozotocin at the dose rate of 45 mg/kg body weight.
Vanadium pentoxide and nano vanadium pentoxide each at the dose rate of
5 mg/kg body weight were administered orally in normal and diabetic rats for 30
days. The standard oral hypoglycemic agent, glimepiride was used as a reference
drug and was administered orally at the dose rate of 800 μg/kg body weight. Both
the vanadium pentoxide and nano vanadium pentoxide did not show any toxic
effects in normal control rats.
It was observed that both the vanadium pentoxide and nano vanadium
pentoxide significantly decreased the serum glucose levels, it also significantly
decreased the serum triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, urea, creatinine, ALT and
AST levels in the blood. Vanadium pentoxide and nano vanadium pentoxide
significantly increased the serum protein and liver glycogen levels and also
restored the loss of body weight in diabetic rats due to its insulin mimetic effect.
No incidence of diarrhoea was observed during the entire experimental period
indicating that vanadium did not cause any undesirable adverse effect in
gastrointestinal tract.
The study also showed that vanadium significantly increased the activities
of antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and
catalase. On vanadium treatment, the level of glutathione was increased while the
level of lipid peroxidation was decreased. Histopathological studies revealed that
vanadium could partially regenerate the β-cells and is non-toxic to liver and
kidney tissues.
Hence, vanadium with its insulin mimetic action may be used in the form
of nanoparticle to produce stable and efficient antidiabetic effect without apparent
signs of toxicity. This effect may be attributed to efficient uptake of nanoparticles
via gastrointestinal tract due to its smaller size, higher reactivity and biological
activity of nanoparticles due to its large surface area to mass ratio and reduced
toxicity.