Immunogenetic and biochemical profiling of Gaddi dogs
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Date
2023-01-24
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CSK HPKV, Palampur
Abstract
Gaddi dog is a generic term deriving its name from the nomadic shepherds referred to as
Gaddis tribe (parts of Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, J&K); who rear these dogs primarily
to protect and guard their sheep and goats. It is a matter of great concern that this important
germplasm is unknown to the masses and not recognized by any Kennel Club of India. This
unique canine germplasm, therefore, needs to be documented and registered. The present
study was designed to study the blood and haematological profiles; and parameters related to
the innate immunity of Gaddi dogs that may help in the characterisation and registration of
these dogs to a defined breed. The average physiological values for rectal temperature (101.4
± 0.2 °F), respiratory rate (25.6 ± 0.60 breaths per min.), and heart rate (127.3 ± 1.20 beats
per minute) were recorded. The values recorded for haematology and biochemical parameters
from seven Gaddi dogs were within the normal range as has been reported for dogs of some
other breeds. The mean percent values of major lymphocyte subsets were 44.50, 25.03, and
10.30 for T-helper cells (CD4+), cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) and B lymphocytes (CD21+),
respectively. The respiratory burst activity of PMNCs (neutrophils) as measured by Nitroblue
tetrazolium test and the DCFH-DA probe-based assay revealed around two-fold increase.
Ferric reducing the ability of plasma assay showed higher FRAP values for Gaddi dogs
(0.183-0.234 Fe2+ µmoles per ml) when compared with diseased dogs (0.172-0.201 Fe2+
µmoles per ml) of other breeds. The complement haemolytic activity (CH50) of Gaddi dogs
was found to be in the range of (19-50.9 CH50 units) and the mean was 27.2 CH50 units.
These values for dogs of some other breeds were in the range of 22.7-37.8 CH50 units. The
expressions and sequences variation of two major antimicrobial peptides, CBD-103 and
K9CATH were also studied. The expression of both CBD-103 and K9CATH were noticed in
blood, oral and nasal mucosa. A 3-base pair deletion resulting in the loss of Glycine at
position 23 of CBD-103 has been associated with black coat colour in certain breeds of dogs.
The result of this study found that the coat colour in studied Gaddi dogs was independent of
G23 deletion in CBD-103 and it was not associated with black coat colour in these dogs. This
study also reported multiple alleles of K9CATH in Gaddi dogs.