DIVERSITY OF BEE POLLINATORS IN MUSTARD & SWEET BASIL
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Date
2022
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DRPCAU, PUSA
Abstract
These studies were carried out during the period of December 2021 to January 2022 on “Diversity of Bee pollinators in mustard & sweet basil’’ at Rpcau, (pusa)with the objective of diversity of bee pollinators, foraging behaviour and impact of weather on population of Bee pollinator had been recorded.
In mustard a total of 7 bee pollinators belong to 3 families which includes Apidae, Halcitidae and Andrenidae were recorded during the blooming period. In mustard, we obtained total 564 individuals & the results showed Shannon index 1.46, Simpson index 0.74 and evenness index 0.751. In sweet basil a total of 17 Bee pollinators belong to 3 families which includes Apidae, Halcitidae and Andrenidae were recorded. We obtained total 926 individuals & results showed Shannon index 1.82, Simpson index 0.79 and evenness index 0.644.
In mustard for A. dorsata the mean time of initiation of foraging was 7:45 hrs and mean cessation of foraging time was 16:51 pm of the day with average duration of foraging was 8.86 hours. In A. mellifera the mean time of Initiation of foraging was 8:13 hrs and mean cessation time of foraging was 16:47 pm of the day with average duration of foraging was 8.26 hours. For A. cerana the mean time of initiation of foraging was 8:28 hrs & mean cessation time of foraging was 16:34 pm of the day with average duration of foraging was 7.95 hours.
In sweet basil for A. dorsata the mean time of initiation of foraging was 7:46 hrs. & mean cessation time of foraging was 16:52 pm of the day with average duration of foraging was 8.96 hours. For A. mellifera the mean time of initiation of foraging was 8:11 hrs & mean cessation time of foraging was 16:49 pm of the day with average duration of foraging was 8.37 hours. A. cerana the mean time of initiation time of foraging was 8:26 hrs. & mean cessation time of foraging was 16:31 pm of the day with average duration of foraging was 8.05 hours.
In mustard the greatest foraging rate for Apis dorsata was noticed at 17:00 hours which were 14.83±3.39 flowers/min. the greatest foraging rate for Apis mellifera was noticed at 17:00 hours which was 14.47±3.14flowers/min. In Apis cerana the maximum foraging rate was observed at 17:00 hours which were 18.69±3.99 flowers/min.
In sweet basil, for Apis mellifera the maximum foraging rate was observed at 17:00 hours which were 14.77±2.98flowers/min. In Apis dorsata the highest foraging rate was noted at 17:00 hours which were 14.42±2.98flowers/min. In Apis cerana the maximum foraging rate was observed at 17:00 hours which were 18.30±3.77flowers/min.
In mustard average foraging speed of Apis mellifera over complete period of flowering was 3.65±0.53 sec/flower. Average foraging speed of Apis dorsata over complete period of flowering was 3.70±0.58sec/flower. Average foraging speed of Apis cerana over complete period of flowering was2.82±0.53sec/flower.
In sweet basil the average foraging speeds of Apis mellifera over complete period of flowering was3.68±0.52sec/flower. Average foraging speed of Apis dorsata over complete period of flowering was3.73±0.57sec/flower. Average foraging speed of Apis cerana over complete period of flowering was 2.89±0.52sec/flower.
Pearson correlation co-efficient (r) revealed that in both mustard & sweet basil bee pollinators sunlight, maximum and lowest temperatures are positively connected. In contrast bee pollinators were negatively correlated with relative humidity &rainfall.