ROLE OF ARTEMISIA PLANT EXTRACT ON METHANE MITIGATION IN SAHIWAL CALVES
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Date
2022
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Publisher
ICAR-NDRI, KARNAL
Abstract
Livestock contributes in the food sources and provides livelihood to marginal
farmers but the methane emissions the major drawback in the form of contribution in
greenhouse gases and increment in global warming. Now a day researchers are looking
forward to using the different plant secondary metabolites, chemical additives and
essential oils. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Artemisia annua essential
oil @ 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 ppm in various roughage to concentrate ratio (50R:50C,
60R:40C, 70R:30C) under in vitro conditions and based on the results, the two best doses
50 ppm and 100 ppm were selected and used under in vivo condition in male Sahiwal
calves to evaluate the nutrient utilization and methane emission. Under in vitro condition,
inclusion of Artemisia annua EO, the total gas in 50R:50C (175.48±0.37) TMR ratio was
higher (P<0.005) than other ratios with 50 ppm (161.80±0.7) and 100 ppm (161.16±0.74).
In 50R:50C and 60R:40C ratio, the methane (%) was lower (P<0.005) (16.04±0.5 and
15.32± 0.54) and it was also reduced by 20.90% and 27.31% at 50 and 100 ppm dose. The
IVDMD (%) was higher (P<0.005) in 60R:40C (59.05±0.33) than other ratios with 50
ppm and 100 ppm doses (57.25±0.71 and 57.65±0.08) respectively. The IVOMD (%) was
higher (P<0.005) in 60R:40C (62.58± 0.33) ration than other ratios with 50 ppm and 100
ppm doses (61.81±0.71 and 61.63±0.08 respectively). Ammonia nitrogen lower (P<0.05)
in 60R:40C TMR ratio (7.25±0.36) thane other ratios with 50 ppm (7.60±0.32), 100 ppm
(8.08±0.8) and control (8.00±0.25) dose. The A: P was lower (P<0.05) in 50R:50C TMR
ratio (2.63±0.02) than other ratios with control (3.34±0.14), 100 ppm (3.65±0.16) and 250
ppm (3.63± 0.27) doses. Based on the in vitro experiment results, 50 ppm and 100 ppm
dose rate was selected for in vivo study.
Under in vivo trial, 15 male Sahiwal calves ( divided into 3 groups: control, T1(50
ppm) and T2 (100 ppm)) were selected for the period of 70 days trial in which at the end of the
trial, 7 days of metabolic trial and 7 days of SF6 trial were conducted with 5 successful
collections. The body weight (128.8±11.2, 134.9±8.0 and 131±12.2), average daily gain
(0.44±0.03, 0.50±0.02 and 0.46±0.03), DMI in kg/d (3.14±0.11, 3.26±0.18 and
2.82±0.16), FCR (7.44±0.75, 6.61±0.42 and 6.50±0.53) was similar in all three groups and
the digestibility coefficients (of DM (%) were 61.26±0.93, 62.75±0.33 and 60.73±0.94),
and nitrogen balance (19.72±1.73, 19.42±0.67, and 19.46±1.44 (g/d)) also similar in all
groups. Methane (g/d) was higher (P<0.005) in C (108.34±2.98) which decreased (P<0.05)
to 93.86±0.26 in T1 (by13.36 %) and 95.60±1.57 in T2 (by 10.83%). Methane (g/kg DMI)
was lower (P<0.05) in T1 and T2 (23.55 ±0.33 and 24.89±0.35) as compared to the C
(28.90±0.87) and were decreased by 18.52 % in T1 and 14.18% in T2 as compared to
control group.
Thus, this study indicates that the different inclusion level of the Artemisia annua
EO with various R: C ratios modulate the fermentation parameters positively under in
vitro conditions and addition of 60R:40C TMR with @50 ppm and 100 ppm shown the
positive effect in decreasing enteric methane emission without changing nutrient
utilization and body weight changes/gain in Sahiwal calves.