RESPONSE OF DILL SEED (Anethum graveolens L.) TO IRRIGATION AND WEED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES UNDER MIDDLE GUJARAT AGRO CLIMATIC CONDITION
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Date
2005
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AAU, Anand
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during two consecutive rabi seasons of the year 2002-03 and 2003-04 with a view to study the "Response of dill seed (Anethum graveolens L.) to irrigation and weed management practices under middle Gujarat Agro climatic condition". The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture with 7.5 to 7.8 pH and having a good drainage. The soil was low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in potassium. The experiment comprised of combinations of four irrigation schedules based on critical growth silages viz., I1 (irrigation at vegetative stage), I2 (irrigation at vegetative stage and at 50 % flowering stage), I3 (irrigation at vegetative stage, at 50% flowering stage and at dough seed stage), I4 (irrigation at 0.40 IW : CPE) and seven weed management practices viz., W1 (fluchloralin 1.0 kg ha-1 as pre emergence), W2 (pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 as pre emergence), W3 (metolachlor 1.0 kg ha-1 as pre emergence), W4 (oxadiargyl 100 g ha-1 as pre emergence), W5 (HW at 3 WAS and earthing up at 6 WAS), W6 : Weed free (HW at 3 and 6 WAS) and W7 (Weedy check). These treatments were laid out in Split Plot Design (SPD) with four replications. Result revealed that the germination of dill seed recorded at 10 DAS and the plant population at harvest was not influenced by various irrigation schedules. The growth characters of dill seed crop viz., plant height and number of branches plant-1 as well as yield attributes such as umbels plant-1, umbellates umbel-1 and seeds umbellate-1 showed significant improvement with irrigation scheduling at 0.40 IW : CPE (I4).The various irrigation schedules failed significantly in influencing the days to 50% flowering. Test weight remained unchanged by irrigation scheduling during individual year but found significantly higher under treatment I4 in pooled analysis. Improvement in vegetative growth of crop under I4 irrigation schedule brought concomitant improvement in seed and straw yields. Similarly, significantly higher harvest index was recorded under treatment I4, which was at par with I3.Significantly higher nutrient uptake was registered under treatment I4 (0.40 IW : CPE). Treatment I3 (irrigation at vegetative, 50 % flowering and dough seed stages) reported significantly highest oil content (2.70 %) in dill seed at harvest. The weed population remain unaffected due to various irrigation schedules. The lowest water use efficiency was noticed with treatment I4 which was at par with I3 during individual years. The highest net return of Rs. 8078 ha' and CBR of 1: 1.57 were secured at 0.40 IW : CPE (I4) followed by irrigation given at 3 critical stages (I3). Growth and yield attributes viz., plant height recorded at 12 and 18 WAS and at harvest, number of branches, number of umbels plant-1, umbellates umbel-1 and seeds umbellate-1 were significantly higher in treatment W6 (HW at 3 and 6 WAS). While lower under the treatment W7 (weedy check) in individual years and in pooled analysis. Among herbicidal treatments, pre emergence application of fluchioralin 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE (W1) registered significantly higher number of yield attribute parameters over other herbicidal treatments. Significantly the highest seed yield (2073 kg ha-1), straw yield (17135 kg ha-1) and nutrient uptake (N, P2O5 and K2O) by dill seed were observed in treatment W6 (HW at 3 and 6 WAS). However, the effect of weed management practices on the test weight was not noticed. Significantly minimum weed density and dry weed weight recorded at various intervals were registered with weed management treatment W6. Among herbicidal treatments, W1 (fluchioralin 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE) proved superiority in controlling weeds over other herbicidal treatments while, W4 (oxadiargyl 100 g ha-1 as PE) was the most inferior among herbicidal treatments. The highest net return of Rs. 15471 ha-1 and CBR of 1: 2.21 were recorded with HW at 3 and 6 WAS (We) followed by HW at 3 WAS and earthing up at 6 WAS (W5) and fluchioralin 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE (W1). The treatment combination I4W6 proved statistically superior over other combinations of I x W in respect of plant height recorded at 18 WAS (180.00 cm) and at harvest (184.50 cm), number of branches plant-1 (15.65) and number of umbellates umbel-1 (28.56) at harvest.In pooled analysis, significantly higher seed yield (2376 kg ha-1) was recorded with combination of I4W6 which was statistically at par with I3W6 (2248 kg ha-1). Treatment combination I4W6 also recorded significantly the highest N (42.20 kg ha-1) and P2O5 (13.17 kg ha-1) and K2O (6.96 kg ha-1) uptake by seeds. From the above findings, it is concluded that for accruing maximum yield and economic advantage, dill seed crop should be irrigated either at all the critical crop growth stages (vegetative stage, 50% flowering stage and dough seed stage) at 0.40 IW : CPE with one common irrigation for sowing coupled with twice hand weeding at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing.
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AGRONOMY, AGRICULTURE, A STUDY