Genetic Diversity in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Normal and Late sown conditions
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Date
2017-07
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Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, BAU, Sabour
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), a member of Fabaceae family, is one of the most important rabi pulse crops in India contributing 20% to the pulse production in world. The present investigation was carried out in 2016-17 (rabi season) in the area specified to pulse section in Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (Bhagalpur) in order to screen 36 chickpea genotypes including 4 checks (PG-186, GCP 105, KWR 108, BG 372) for genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance using 16 quantitative traits under late and normal sown conditions. Also, correlation between yield and component traits and their direct and indirect effects were studied. In order to identify high yielding suitable parents for future breeding programme, genetic diversity analysis using Mahalanobis D2 statistics and SSR markers was performed. Significant treatment differences were found for most of the characters under study. For most of the traits, phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV %) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV %). Highest PCV % and GCV % were noted for grain yield per plant followed by biological yield and effective pods per plant under both, normal and late sown conditions. Pods per plant, seed index, plant height, grain yield per plant and yield in kg/ha were the key traits identified that can be used in selection for breeding programs. Genetic variation was also found for traits such as canopy temperature and chlorophyll index. Correlation analysis revealed that total as well as effective pods per plant under normal sown conditions and seed index under late sown conditions had positive and highly significant association with grain yield per plant and yield respectively. Effective pods per plant and biological yield per plant had maximum and positive direct effects on grain yield whereas plant height had highest negative direct effect on grain yield under normal conditions. However under late sown condition, chlorophyll index followed by total pods per plant showed significantly positive direct effects and days to maturity the vice versa. Mahalanobis D2 statistics revealed 7 clusters. Among the seven clusters, cluster II (13) and cluster IV (10) consisted maximum number of genotypes accounting to 36% and 27.8% in total genetic diversity under normal and late sown conditions respectively. Based on inter-cluster distances and mean performances of clusters for different traits, the advance breeding line among genotypes belonging to cluster VII and II (for normal sown) and cluster VII and cluster III (for late sown) are expected to produce desirable segregants for yield and other yield related traits. Seed index had largest contribution towards total divergence under both conditions.
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