ASSESSMENT OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN SOYBEAN-MAIZE CROP SEQUENCE FOR HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY.
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Date
2019-12-23
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Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra.
Abstract
The experiment entitled, “Assessment of nutrient management in soybean-maize crop sequence for higher productivity,” was carried out in the plot No. 66 at Agronomy Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, during kharif and rabi season of 2016-17 and 2017- 18. The soil of the experimental plot was clayey in texture dominated by smectite clay minerals which belongs to hyperthermic family of Typic Haplustert having swell shrink property. It was slightly alkaline in reaction (pH 8.6), low in organic carbon (0.52%), available nitrogen (216.50 kg ha-1), available phosphorus (16.86 kg ha-1) and high in available potassium (367.22 kg ha-1). The treatments consisted of integrated nutrient management viz., S1 - RDF (30:75:30) NPK kg ha-1, S2 - 50 % RDN + 50 % RDN through vermicompost, S3 - 50 % RDN + 50 % RDN through FYM, S4 - 50 % RDN + 50 % RDN through compost and S5 - 50 % RDN + 50 % RDN through soybean straw + Trichoderma viride @ 1kg ha-1 to soybean in kharif season as main plot treatments replicated four times in randomized block design. During rabi season each main plot treatment was split into four sub plot treatments with different doses of fertilizers viz., M1 - RDF (120: 60:30) NPK kg ha-1, M2 - RDF + ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1, M3 - RDF + FeSO4 @ 30 kg ha-1 and M4 - RDF + ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + FeSO4 @ 30 kg ha-1 to maize which formed twenty combinations replicated four times in split plot design.
During kharif season, soybean growth characters viz., plant height (cm), number of functional leaves plant-1, leaf area (dm2), number of branches and plant dry matter accumulation plant-1 (g) were significantly improved with application of RDF through chemical fertilizers during both the years of experimentation. The next best treatment which improved all these growth characters was that of application of 50 % RDN + 50 % RDN through vermicompost. The magnitude of expression of yield and yield attributes like number of pods plant-1 (74.03 and 65.53), weight of seed plant-1 (13.11 and 12.51 g) and 100 seed weight (13.14 and 13.08 g), seed yield (2125, 2103 and 2114 kg ha-1) and straw yield (2708, 2114 and 2695 kg ha-1) were significantly influenced with the application of RDF (30:75:30 NPK kg ha-1) and found statistically comparable to 50% RDN + 50% RDN through vermicompost during both the years of experimentation and also on the basis of pooled analysis. However, maximum uptake of total nitrogen (136.79 and 137.21 kg ha-1), total phosphorus (22.04 and 21.68 kg ha-1) and total potassium (65.66 and 64.07 kg ha-1) were recorded by application of RDF (30:75:30 NPK kg ha-1) which was statistically identical with application of 50% RDN + 50% RDN through vermicompost during the year 2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively. The highest gross monetary returns (67048 and 70560 Rs. ha-1), net monetary returns (39291 and 42247 Rs. ha-1) and benefit to cost ratio (2.42 and 2.49) were recorded under application of RDF (30:75:30 NPK kg ha-1). However, it was comparable to supplementing 50% N through vermicompost during both the years of experimentation.
During rabi season, residual effect of INM treatment applied to preceding kharif soybean crop was found beneficial to increase growth attributes of succeeding rabi maize viz., plant height (cm), number of leaves, leaf area (dm2) and dry matter accumulation per plant (g). However, maximum values of these parameters were recorded under application of 50% RDN + 50% RDN through vermicompost and remained statistically at par with 50% RDN + 50% RDN through FYM during both the years of experimentation. Similarly, 50% RDN + 50% RDN through vermicompost to the preceding kharif soybean crop showed beneficial residual effect on maize for enhancing the values of yield and yield contributing characters viz., number of cobs plant-1 (1.36 and 1.45), cob length (16.00 and 17.69 cm), cob diameter (4.00 and 4.42 cm), number of grain rows cob-1 (14.11 and 15.06), number of seeds cob-1 (489.05 and 577.69), grain yield (8362, 8650 and 8506 kg ha-1), stover yield (10611, 11127 and 10869 kg ha-1) and biological yield (18973, 19777 and 19375 kg ha-1) during 2016-17, 2017-18, respectively and also on pooled mean basis. Beneficial effect of organic source of fertilizer viz., FYM/ vermicompost was noticed in both the crops indicated that, these sources may supply other nutrients to crops. This may also prove beneficial for positive multiplication of microbes. However, maximum uptake of total nitrogen (224.19 and 239.36 kg ha-1), total phosphorus (50.93 and 56.90 kg ha-1) and total potassium (131.86 and 138.11 kg ha-1), total zinc (799.57 and 930.98 g ha-1) and total iron (1241.04 and 1487.86 g ha-1) were recorded by residual effect of 50% RDN + 50% RDN through vermicompost. The gross monetary returns (121566 and 128212 Rs. ha-1), net monetary returns (87445 and 93468 Rs. ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.56 and 3.69) were highest with the treatment of residual effect of 50% RDN + 50% RDN through vermicompost during both the years of experimentation.
Among the different treatments applied to rabi maize, combined application of Zn + Fe with RDF significantly influenced the various growth attributes like periodical plant height (cm), number of leaves, leaf area (dm2) and dry matter accumulation per plant (g) during both the years of investigation. However, yield and yield attributes namely number of cobs plant-1 (1.29 and 1.44), cob length (15.72 and 17.38 cm), cob diameter (4.01 and 4.42 cm), number of grain rows cob-1 (14.25 and 15.21), number of grains rows-1 (34.82 and 38.49), number of seeds cob-1 (496.31 and 585.72), grain weight cob-1 (108.60 and 118.84), maize grain yield (82.03, 85.64 and 83.64 q ha-1), stover yields (104.21, 110.16 and 107.18 q ha-1) and biological yield (186.25, 195.80 and 191.02 q ha-1) were recorded higher with the combined application of fertilizers (RDF+ ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1+ FeSO4 @ 30 kg ha-1) to maize during individual years and pooled, respectively, However, it was observed statistically on par with individual application of RDF+ ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 and RDF + FeSO4 @ 30 kg ha-1. Combined application of ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + FeSO4 @ 30 kg ha-1 with RDF recorded maximum uptake of total nitrogen (218.97 and 235.71 kg ha-1), total phosphorus (51.60 and 55.47 kg ha-1), total potassium (131.43 and 137.95 kg ha-1), total zinc (792.33 and 993.46 g ha-1) and total iron (1224.25 and 1493.18 g ha-1). While, the same treatment proved its superiority in terms of obtaining its highest gross monetary returns (119282 and 126940 Rs. ha-1), net monetary returns (84411 and 91447 Rs. ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.42 and 3.58). However, it was found statistically similar with RDF + ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 and RDF + FeSO4 @ 30 kg ha-1 in respect of GMR and NMR, during both the years, consecutively.
The assessment of the cropping sequence in terms of soybean equivalent yield, system productivity, production efficiency and economic efficiency indicated the superiority of combine application of inorganic fertilizers and organic manures to kharif soybean followed by application of RDF along with or without Zn and Fe to maize during both years and on pooled mean basis. Significantly highest soybean equivalent yield (5518, 5460 and 5489 kg ha-1), production efficiency (23.79, 23.23 and 23.51 kg ha-1 day-1) and economic efficiency (517, 557 and 537 Rs. ha-1 day-1) was attained by residual effect of 50% RDN + 50% RDN through vermicompost. However, among different treatments applied to rabi maize during 2016-17, 2017-18 and in pooled analysis, the combined application of RDF + ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + FeSO4 @ 30 kg ha-1 recorded maximum values in respect of soybean equivalent yield (5278, 5253 and 5265 kg ha-1), production efficiency (22.75, 22.35 and 22.55 kg ha-1 day-1) and economic efficiency (484, 526 and 505 Rs. ha-1 day-1), respectively. The maximum gross monetary returns (186529, 196764 and 191646 Rs. ha-1), net monetary returns (120053, 129118 and 114991 Rs. ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.81, 2.91 and 2.86) of cropping sequence due to residual effect of 50% RDN + 50% RDN through vermicompost, However, the monetary benefits with gross returns (178842, 189774 and 184308 Rs. ha-1), net returns (112234, 121999 and 117117 Rs. ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.69, 2.80 and 2.75) were maximum with application of RDF + ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + FeSO4 @ 30 kg ha-1 on basis of two years data and on pooled basis.
On the basis of experimental results, it can be concluded that, soybean-maize sequence should be nourished with organic manures along with recommended dose of chemical fertilizers to both the crops which maintained soil health. In addition to this, ZnSO4 and FeSO4 may be provided as supplement to increase the productivity of crop sequence.
Description
The experiment was conducted during 2016-17 and 2017-18 at the Department of Agronomy, Dr. P.D.K.V., Akola. The experiment was laid out in Split plot design with four replications, with a view to observed growth, productivity, quality, and economics of soybean and maize through integrated nutrient management and agronomic biofortification in soybean-maize crop sequence.
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Citation
CHIRDE, PRITAM NAGORAO. (2019). Assessment of nutrient management in soybean-maize crop sequence for higher productivity. Department of Agronomy, Dr. Panjabrao Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. Ph. D. 2019. Print. xx, 279p. (Unpublished).