Economic analysis of production and marketing of major vegetable crops in Haryana
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Date
2015
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Publisher
CCSHAU
Abstract
India is the second largest producer of vegetable in the world next to China. The cauliflower, potato, onion, tomato and radish are the major vegetable crops of Haryana. The present investigation was carried out to study the growth rates, cost structure, returns, resource use efficiency, price spread, marketing efficiency and constraints in production and marketing of major vegetables. The study was conducted in Sonipat for cauliflower, Yamunanagar for potato, Ambala for onion, Karnal for tomato and Gurgaon for radish as these vegetables were selected. From each district one tehsil and two villages from each tehsil were selected on the bases of highest area. Samples of 15 farmers from each selected village were selected thereby making a sample of 150 vegetable growers. The vegetable markets of Gurgaon, Karnal, Sonipat, Yamunanagar, Panipat, Panchkula and Ambala were perposively selected as these are near to the main production area. The cauliflower was selected for Sonipat and Panipat markets, potato for Yamunanagar, onion in Ambala and Panchkula, tomato in Karnal and radish in Gurgaon market. Ten intermediaries from each market were selected randomly making a sample of 70 intermediaries. The compound growth rates of
area, production and productivity in Haryana have registered significant and positive growth rate in cauliflower, potato, onion, tomato and radish. Productivity has shown positive and significant growth in Haryana for cauliflower, potato and onion. In Sonipat, Karnal and Gurgaon, area and production has shown positive and significant growth in cauliflower, tomato and radish, respectively. In Yamunanagar and Ambala, compound growth rate of area, production and productivity has shown positive and significant growth under potato and onion, respectively. The cost of cultivation of cauliflower, potato, onion, tomato and radish were higher on large farms as compared to medium & small farms. The gross returns were found higher in medium farms as compared to large and small farms. The cost of production per quintal was lower on medium farms and higher on large and small farms indicating that the medium farms were having economies of scale in production. The net income was higher on medium farms as compared to small and large farms in cauliflower, potato, onion, tomato and radish. There was no difference in marketable and marketed surplus because of perishable nature of vegetables and farmers were hard pressed by their cash needs for post-harvest immediate sale. In cauliflower, potato, onion, tomato and radish, channel-I (Producer → Commission agent cum wholesaler →Retailer →Consumer) was more efficient as it ensured higher percent share of farmer in the consumer's rupee as compared to channel-II (Producer → Village trader → Commission agent cum wholesaler →Retailer →Consumer). Major production related constraints expressed by vegetable growers were higher labour charges, unavailability of labour when needed, higher production expenditure, lack of suitable cold storage facilities, high cost of storage, lack of information about high yielding varieties and their seed/planting materials, high cost of seeds, high cost of fertilizers, non-availability of fertilizer when
needed, manual weeding is time consuming and labour intensive, less effective and costly weedicides, spurious plant protection chemicals, higher prices of insecticide/pesticides and lack of credit. Major marketing related constraints expressed by vegetable growers were; Marketing problems in village: Low price/non-remunerative prices, no ready market, malpractices in weighing, lack of cooperative marketing system in village and dominance of traders in village. Marketing problems in mandi: Higher price fluctuations, Lack of market information, lack of transportation, high transportation cost, existence of large number of intermediaries in marketing process, higher margin of middlemen, lack of labour for loading and unloading, losses during transportation/transactions, unorganized marketing system. Major constraints in marketing of vegetables faced by middlemen were problem of storage facilities, lack of processing industries/units, higher price fluctuations, problem of drayage and spoilage, high cost of labour, lack of transportation facilities, high transportation cost and delay in payments.
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Keywords
Costs, Manpower, Markets, Productivity, Marketing, Vegetables, Area, Marketing margins, Tillage equipment, Onions