PREPARATION, APPLICATION, ORANGE PEEL DERIVED BIOCHAR

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dc.contributor.advisorRayaguru, K.
dc.contributor.authorSahoo, Swapna Sagarika
dc.date.accessioned2017-01-19T11:53:17Z
dc.date.available2017-01-19T11:53:17Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.description.abstractBiochar is a solid material obtained from thermo-chemical conversion of biomass through pyrolysis, This can be used in achieving carbon sequestration and other beneficial effects on soils and environmental properties for greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation. The waste generated in foodprocessing industry has the potential to supply feedstock for biochar production. Heavy metals are found to be among the major environmental pollutants due to the direct discharge of industrial wastewater into water bodies. Biochar is a very useful low cost product to be used as an adsorbent for heavy metals immobilization in the environment. The current research is focused on the preparation of orange peel derived biochar and its application for removal of heavy metals from waste water and colour from the textile effluent as well as the moisture adsorption and desorption ability of biochar. Dried peels were pyrolysed for biochar production and were used for heavy metal removal from waste water using box-behnken method of response surface methodology (RSM). The three independent variables were BD (biochar dose of 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5g/l), HMC (heavy metal concentration of 10, 30 and 50ppm) and ET (exposure time of 24, 48 and 72h). The plan consisted of 15 experimental runs with three experiments at centre point. The dependent response of heavy metal removal was percentage reduction of heavy metal (Pb, Cd and Cr). The experimental data were analyzed to develop response functions and the input variables were optimized for best outputs. A complete second order polynomial model was fitted to the data of all responses using multiple regression technique. The moisture adsorption and desorption study was conducted to compare the ability of biochar with that of silica gel. The colour removal study was done by collecting four colour samples (Blue, Purple, Yellow, Red) from the textile effluent. 100kg of orange fuits give rise to about 20kg peel and 80kg pulp along with seeds. 5.5kg of dried peels were obtained after drying of peels. The yield of biochar from dried orange peels was about 1kg (20% db) within a time period of 5min subjected to pyrolysis at 1000ᶱC. Using multiple responses optimization technique for heavy metal removal a set of compromised process variables i.e. BD, HMC and ET was found out to be 0.636, -0.454 and 0.696 (coded) and 2.2g/l, 21ppm and 65h (uncoded) respectively. Corresponding to these conditions, the values of response i.e. %removal of Pb, Cd and Cr were 86.5, 84.4 and 69.7% respectively. The overall desirability was 0.84. Adequacy of proposed second order models developed for percentage removal (Pb, Cd and Cr) through regression analysis was confirmed by R2 close to 1(0.996 for PB, 0.995 for Cd and 0.995 for Cr). The results of regression analysis revealed that all the process variables (BD, HMC and ET) had significant effect on % removal of Pb, Cd and Cr. The factors influencing each response at linear, quadratic and interactive level have been analyzed thoroughly. In order to have a better flexibility in the selection of operating range surface plots and superimposed contour plots having common feasible zone have been plotted for all the responses as a function of two process variables with the third one at optimum value. The moisture adsorption study indicated that the orange peel derived biochar is more effective than silica gel. The saturation capacity of moisture on the orange peel derived biochar is relatively higher (60%) than that of silica gel (50%). Further, the amount of moisture desorbed during the regeneration was also higher (45%) in biochar as compared to that of silica gel (30%). The colour removal study concludes that the orange peel derived biochar could remove blue and purple dyes from textile effluent of more than 90% with a dose of 5-10g/l at a contact time of 6 to 9days. However, the colour removal percentage for Yellow and Red colour dyes is very less (< 5 and < 50%) respectively.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/97003
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.relation.ispartofseriesTh;4535
dc.subAgricultural Engineeringen_US
dc.these.typeM.Sc
dc.titlePREPARATION, APPLICATION, ORANGE PEEL DERIVED BIOCHARen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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