GENETICS OF YIELD, ITS COMPONENTS AND SEX EXPRESSION OVER SEASONS IN CASTOR (Ricinus communis L.)
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Date
2001-08-06
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UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to understand the behaviour
of sex expression and the genetics of yield and its related traits in castor. Studies
involving sex expression of seven pistillate lines over three rabi and two khahf
seasons, confirmed that three lines viz., VP-1 (NR), NES-19 and LRES-17 had
interspersed nature of flowering during summer season and expressed stable
pistillate behaviour during late kharif seasons which are of 'S' and 'NES' types.
In another experiment to study heterosis, combining ability and gene
action involving eleven hybrids showed significant heterosis over the check GCH-4
with respect to seed and oil yield. Of these, two were eariy, six were medium, and
three were of long duration. High oil heterotic cross VP-1 (NR) x RG-202 was
consistent in both the seasons. The magnitude of additive variance was much higher
than non-additive variance for days to flower initiation, days to 50 per cent flowering,
days 100 per cent maturity on primary raceme, 100 seed weight and capsules on
primary raceme. However, other characters viz., nodes to the primary raceme,
average intemodal distance, Bartiett's rate of index for yield [BRIC(Y)] and oil content
showed both additive and non-additive variances, while yield per plant and other
yield components were mainly under the control of non-additive gene action. The
pistillate lines NES-6 and NES-17 and the testers viz., 3-135, RG-360, Bhagya,
Aruna and 48-1 were good general combiners for earliness. While VP-1 (NR) and
NES-17 pistillate lines and RG-374, RG-359, 48-1 and SH-63 testers were good
general combiners for oil content, seed yield and its related traits.
The estimates of sea effects of seven crosses were significant and they
recorded significantly superior seed yield compared to the check GCH-4. Cross NES-
17 X RG-360 exhibited significant positive sea effects for early maturity, NES-17 x
VP-1(M) for 100 seed weight and VP-I(NR) x RG-359 for oil content. These could be
considered for simultaneous exploitation of hybrid vigour for earliness, seed yield and
oil content Among the high yielding potential specific cross-combinations, two
hybrids viz., NES-17 x 48-1 and NES-17 x RG-360 were early, five hybrids viz., NES-
17 X RG-374. NES-17 x VP-1(M). NES-19 x RG-374, NES-17 x RG-358, VP-I(NR) x
RG-359 and VP-I(NR) x 48-1 wrere of medium duration and three hybrids VP-I(NR)
X RG-374. LRES-17 x RG- 374 and VP-I(NR) x VP-1(M) were of long duration. It Is
suggested to improve NES-6 and NES-17 for femaleness.
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