ENGINEERED GREEN PAINTS FOR COMMERCIAL TEXTILE PRINTING
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Date
2021-04-15
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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PROFFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
Abstract
India is the country with rich biodiversity and traditional knowledge and skill to
produce eco-friendly natural dyed textiles. India is also in the second place as the largest
producer of textile products including handmade and industry processed. Recently, the
textile wet processing industry is becoming famous not in terms of production or
improved GDP, but in-terms of shut down due to the heavy pollution emission. As,
textile wet processing units demands a heavy load on their ETP’s, the cost incurred in
maintenance became a major concern to the industry and as well as to the government
resulting in leaving a very high carbon foot print.
The research is aimed at using all natural textile auxiliaries and pigments to
produce bottled textile paints suitable for ready application on textiles. The textile
auxiliaries selected are, two thickeners such as tamarind seed kernel powder and
precipitated calcium carbonate; two resins such as cashew nut seed liquid and chitosan;
two plasticizers such as cold pressed castor oil and linseed oil. They were tested for
their substantively, finally a wet base consisting tamarind seed kernel powder (TSKP),
castor oil (CO), cashew nut seed liquid (CNSL) were used for the study.
Five natural dye sources were selected for the study including annatto seed,
marigold flower, sappan heartwood, pomegranate rind and indigo. All natural dye
sources were boiled in water as aqueous method except indigo to produce the liquid
pigment. Indigo fermented pot liquor was used for the study. Textile paints in seven
colours viz, yellow, orange, red, purple, indigo, green and black were produced from
Name of the Author : Lakshmi Pooja Sanku
I.D. No. : HHD/2016-009
Title of the Thesis : Engineered Green Paints for Commercial Textile
Printing
Degree to which it is
submitted
: Doctor of Philosophy in Home Science
Major field : Textiles and Apparel Designing
Faculty : Home Science
Major Advisor : Dr. (Mrs.) A. Padma
University : Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural
University
Year of Submission : 2020
liquid natural dye pigments along with base in combination of three mordants including
alum, stannous chloride and ferrous sulphate.
Three preservatives including cow urine, cow arku, sodium benzoate were used
and their efficiency in improving the shelf life of the pigments for one year was studied,
from which cow urine found to be the best preservative for pigments. The shelf life of
paints in terms of microbial growth and packaging stability were tested using IS and
ASTM standards.
All paints prepared were printed on pre washed cotton, viscose rayon, silk and
polyester plain woven fabrics using screen printing technique and the printed fabrics
were treated with steam and vinegar washed for better fixation of pigment and to
maintain the clear white background of the fabric. All the printed fabrics were evaluated
for their geometrical and mechanical properties like yarn and fabric count, thickness,
wickability, stiffness and tear strength. Colourfastness test methods for fastness to
sunlight, washing dry and wet crocking and acidic and alkaline perspiration were also
done by adopting AATCC, BIS, ASTM, JIS test procedures. The advance properties of
the printed fabrics for their efficiency in UV protection and bacterial resistance were
also tested following AS/NZS and AATCC test protocols.
The effluents from the process was analysed for heavy metal content and oxygen
demand in terms of COD and BOD3, which helped in testing developed paints for their
eco-friendliness. Costing and consumer acceptance of the paints prepared and printed
fabrics were studied respectively so as to check their commercial feasibility
Therefore, engineered ‘green’ paints for commercial textile printing was a
unique product, developed after analysing its attributes in terms of its end-use
characteristics, environmental friendliness, quality checking, market feasibility, direct
application, speed of production and consumer acceptability.
In this study, all these aspects are satisfied in production of green paints for
direct printing of natural and synthetic fabrics with natural dyes which itself is a unique
product. With thorough research review, it was learnt that such organic paint product is
not developed for commercial purpose so far. Therefore, the possibility of patenting the
engineered natural pigment paint and the process will be explored through the use of
developed paints and supply of raw materials. The research was focused on engineering
an end to end product understanding the characteristics of various auxiliaries, pigments
and effect of preservatives on them, developing an oil in water paint for textiles
applications, analyzing the keeping quality of the paints developed and fabrics printed
with them.
Taking these things into concern the present study is aimed to engineer a product
that can readily be used as textile paint with minimal effluent discharge without heavy
metal content and reduced oxygen demand, without any volatile solvent resulting no air
pollution. The product is also aimed at using natural raw materials so as to benefit the
farmers and rural folk in cultivation or collection of raw materials. Having considered as
green paints they open a huge export market too resulting in solving the major issues of
concern for the survival of textile dyeing and printing industry. The developed paints
can find a huge share in handmade textile industry too, as availability of natural dyes
and auxiliaries to print or paint textiles, time incurred in preparation of natural colours
and skill in developing fast colour became a major concern for once flourished craft
from India.