A STUDY ON TECHNO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES IN ADOPTION OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM BY MANGO ORCHARD GROWERS OF JUNAGADH DISTRICT IN GUJARAT STATE

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dc.contributor.advisorTRIVEDI, J. C.
dc.contributor.authorDESAI, C. P.
dc.date.accessioned2018-04-19T04:00:31Z
dc.date.available2018-04-19T04:00:31Z
dc.date.issued1997
dc.description.abstractLand and water are the two basic inputs for progress in agriculture and economic development of any country. Gujarat State has a relatively lower share in the overall availability of water in India. In Gujarat, only 23 per cent of the total cultivable land of the state is under irrigation. Even with the fullest exploitation of the Sardar Sarovar Project, about 52 per cent of the state agriculture would be dependent on the mercy of monsoon, particularly erratic, inadequate and uncertain rainfall. Hence, it is necessary to economize the use of water for agriculture to bring more area under irrigation. This could be achieved by introducing the advanced and sophisticated method of drip irrigation. Saurashtra region is considered as a dry farming area, where the availability of water for irrigation in wells is extremely scarce and irregular. Therefore, the farmers of this region have been attracted towards the modern method of irrigation and they have introduced drip irrigation system with the hope of making the judicious and scientific use of irrigation water at hand on farm lands and thereby overcoming the various problems such as labour, money and water management. Any techhology that is adopted, needs to be assessed periodically to suggest the effective changes for subsequent functioning and this truly holds good with drip irrigation system as quite a few years have already been passed and probably this is the high time to examine the consequences of this system. Therefore, "A Study on Techno-Economic Consequences in Adoption of Drip Irrigation System by Mango Orchard Growers of Junagadh District in Gujarat State" was undertaken with the following specific objectives : 1. To study the personal-social, agro-economic, psychological and communication characteristics of the mango orchard growers. 2. To study the innovation-decision process in relation to drip irrigation system adopted by the mango orchard growers. 3. To study the techno-economic developments (changes) consequent upon adoption of drip irrigation system by the mango orchard growers. 4. To construct and standardize test to measure the level of knowledge of mango orchard growers about drip irrigation system. 5. To ascertain the extent of economic gain accrued by the mango orchard growers as a result of adoption of drip irrigation system. 6. To find out the relationship between dependent and independent variables of the respondents. 7. To know the extent of contribution of independent variables on dependent variables. 8. To analyse the constraints faced by mango orchard growers in adoption of drip irrigation system and seek suggestions to overcome them. The, study was conducted in six talukas of Junagadh district namely Talala, Malia (Hatina), Una, Mendarada, Vanthali and Visavadar. These talukas were the first six talukas in the district having maximum number of drip sets installed in mango orchards. Four villages having maximum number of drip sets installed in mango orchards were selected from each of the selected talukas. The mango orchard growers, those who had installed and used drip irrigation system in their mango orchards for successively more than three years, were chosen at random from each identified village in such a manner that there would be proportional to total size of mango orchard growers in respective village fell under each of the six talukas. Thus, the sample consisted of 175 respondents for the study which constituted 24 per cent of the total size of drip sets under mango orchards in the district. Before and after approach was followed to know the consequences implicit through the adoption of drip irrigation system by the mango orchard growers. The data for agriculture year 1995-96 were collected from the same respondents by arranging personal interview with 175 mango orchard growers of the twenty-four selected villages with the help of interview schedule. In order to measure the knowledge level of mango orchard growers, the test developed for the purpose was used. The other dependent and independent variables were measured by using suitable scales and procedures adopted by various researchers. The collected data were then transferred to master table and analysed in order to make the findings meaningful. For analysis of the data, the statistical measures such as percentage, coefficients of correlation, stepwise multiple regression and path coefficient analysis were used. MAJOR FINDINGS : The important findings of the study were as under : 1. Majority of the respondents belonged to middle age group and were having secondary and college level education. 2. Most of the respondents belonged to higher castes. 3. Little more than half of the respondents had nuclear type of family and having small to medium size of family in great majority cases. 4. Majority of the respondents had membership in one or more than one organization and had medium socio-economic status. 5. Majority of the respondents had farming and animal husbandry occupations as source of income. 6. Majority of the respondents were found to have minimum farm power i.e. upto two bullocks, medium level of material possession and were having medium size of herds. 7. Little more than two-fifth (41,14 per cent) of the respondents possessed big size of land holding. 8. Majority of the respondents (i.e. 64.00 per cent and 61.71 per cent) had covered 51 to 100 per cent of the area under drip irrigation and had covered 76 to 100 per cent of the area under mango orchard, respectively. 9. An overwhelming number of the respondents had irrigation potentiality ranged from 76 to 100 per cent. 10. Slight more than one-third (i.e. 35.43 per cent and 33.71 per cent) of the respondents had cropping intensity in between 151 to 200 per cent and an annual income upto Rs.50,000 respectively, 11. Majority of the respondents were found to be under the category of medium credit orientation. 12. Majority of the respondents had medium level of economic motivation,were highly innovative with medium riskpreference . 13. A large majority of the respondents were found to have medium scientific orientation, moderately favourable attitude towards drip irrigation system and medium level of knowledge regarding drip irrigation system. 14. A vast majority of the respondents had expressed moderate satisfaction derived as a result of drip irrigation system. 15. Majority of the respondents had medium contact with extension agencies and had medium utilization of information sources. 16. Majority (56.57 per cent) of the respondents had medium level of innovation-decision in relation to drip irrigation system. As regards the stages of innovation-decision process followed by the respondents, majority of them (82.^9 per cent) were having awareness-knowledge about drip irrigation system and were found to have reached the persuasion (89.14 per cent), confirmation (88.57 per cent), decision (53.71 per cent) and implementation (51.43 per cent) stages of innovation-decision process. In case of rejection points at different stages, there were in all 48.57 per cent rejecters and found nearly half (48.57 per cent) of the respondents at implementation stage and minimum at persuasion stage (10.86 per cent). So far as the skipping trend is concerned, there were in all 85 cases of skipping in innovation-decision process and skipping was found to follow only three trends. 17. Majority (73.14 per cent) of the respondents were found to have medium level of techno-economic consequences as a result of drip irrigation system. The adoption of drip irrigation system had resulted in many changes not only in the farming aspect alone, but also in the socio-economic aspects. The system had contributed for a significant increase in area under fruit crops. Cropping intensity and cropping pattern had been changed in the farmers' fields with the inclusion of several fruit and commercial crops. Farm machinery/farm implements and household possession had also been increased and many farmers had diverted their cropped area to orchards. The savings and investment, standard of living and self-sufficiency of majority of respondents had been increased as a result of adoption of drip irrigation system. 18. Majority (71.43 per cent) of the respondents had accrued medium level of overall economic gain of drip irrigation system. The mango orchard growers had reaped many advantages of drip irrigation system. Majority of the respondents had benefited by saving of water, weed control expenses and labour for irrigation and inter-culture operations. A little more than one-fourth of the respondents availed the benefit in respect of fertilizers economy. In addition to this, the respondents got the benefits of better yields, better fruit size, early maturity of fruits and higher market price of the produce under drip irrigation system. 19. There was positive and significant relationship between respondents' size of family, social participation, socioeconomic status, farm power, material possession, size of land holding, area under drip irrigation system, area 'under mango orchard, annual income, economic motivation. scientific orientation, attitude towards drip irrigation system, knowledge level about drip irrigation system, contact with ex'tension agencies and utilization of information sources and their techno-economic consequences in adoption of drip irrigation system. 20. Respondents' education, socio-economic status, area under drip irrigation system, area under mango orchard, credit orientation, economic motivation, innovativeness, riskpreference, scientific orientation, attitude towards drip irrigation system, knowledge level about drip irrigation system, satisfaction with drip irrigation system, contact with extension agencies and utilization of information sources had positive and significant relationship with their innovation-decision process in relation to drip irrigation system. 21. Respondents' education, farm power, credit orientation, economic motivation, innovativeness, risk-preference, scientific orientation, attitude towards drip irrigation system, knowledge level about drip irrigation system, satisfaction with drip irrigation system, contact with extension agencies and utilization of information sources had positive and significant relationship with their extent of economic gain reaped through adoption of drip irrigation system. 22. The innovation-decision process was found to be predicted by five independent variables such as area under drip irrigation system, innovativeness, scientific orientation. knowledge level about drip irrigation system and satisfaction with drip irrigation system, which had together contributed to 51.70 per cent of the total variation in the innovation-decision process. 23. A total of nine independent variables namely farm power, material possession, area under drip irrigation system, area under mango orchard, irrigation potentiality, cropping intensity, annual income, attitude towards drip irrigation system and utilization of information sources were accounting influence on the techno-economic consequences. All the nine independent variables together affected the change in dependent variable to the extent of 73 . 39. per cent. 24. The variables like education, social participation, farm power, annual income, attitude towards drip irrigation system, knowledge level about drip irrigation system, satisfaction with drip irrigation system and utilization of information sources had together contributed to 60.84 per cent of total variation in the extent of economic gain of drip irrigation system. 25. The variable material possession had exerted the maximum positive direct effect on techno-economic consequences, followed by area under mango orchard, area under drip irrigation system and attitude towards drip irrigation system in descending order. As regards the total indirect effect, socio-economic status exhibited the highest positive total indirect effect, followed by annual income, size of land holding, area under drip irrigation system, social participation, farm power possessed and area under mango orchard in descending order. So far as the substantial indirect effect is concerned, the variable socio-economic status exerted maximum positive substantial indirect effect on techno-economic consequences. It was followed by size of land holding, area under mango orchard, social participation, annual income and area under drip irrigation system in descending order. Most of the variables included in the study had substantial positive indirect effect through material possession as evident from the results presented. This naturally suggests that the positive changes in material possession would bring the substantial changes in technoeconomic consequences. 26. The most important economic constraints faced by the mango orchard growers in adoption of drip irrigation system were : high cost of spare parts, heavy initial expanses for installation of drip irrigation system and lack of capital for covering entire area under drip irrigation system. The major technological constraints faced by the adopters in drip irrigation were : frequent clogging of drippers and microtubes, requires time to time attention for minor repairs, damage caused to the system by rodents .and jackals, lack of technical know-how, lack oi awareness among the farmers regarding benefits of drip irrigation system and difficult to keep proper water pressure. The important administrative constraints being faced by the respondents were : inadequacy and uncertainty in power supply, lack of after sale services from the company dealers, non-availability of spare parts at proper time with reasonable rates, lack of proper training, nonavailability of repairing facilities in the village, nonavailability of quality material of drip irrigation system and non-availability of technical guidance in time. The major personal and socio-psychological constraints experienced by the drip irrigation system adopter farmers were : lack of spirit among the farmers regarding drip irrigation system, frustration due to failure of drip irrigation system in work, resistance from family members and lack of motivation. 27. The major suggestions offered by the mango orchard growers to overcome the constraints associated with adoption of drip irrigation system and thereby promoting the use of drip irrigation system in sequential order were : provisions should be made to purchase drip irrigation sets directly from open market, training should be imparted along with drip irrigation sets for betterment of knowledge and skills, at least five years guarantee be provided by company agents for drip irrigation system, drip sets be supervised by company agents regularly, subsidy be paid directly to the farmers, regular guidance and free services be sought from company agents, quality material be provided for drip sets and wide publicity of drip irrigation" system be made through mass media approaches. In addition to this, the respondents also felt that the amount of subsidy on drip irrigation system be increased, propaganda about drip irrigation system, be made through shibirs and film shows and multipurpose sub-mains should be designed so as to use in different crops.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810044016
dc.keywordsA STUDY ON TECHNO-ECONOMIC, CONSEQUENCES IN ADOPTION, DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM, MANGO ORCHARD GROWERS, JUNAGADH DISTRICT, GUJARAT STATEen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherAAU, Ananden_US
dc.research.problemA STUDY ON TECHNO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES IN ADOPTION OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM BY MANGO ORCHARD GROWERS OF JUNAGADH DISTRICT IN GUJARAT STATEen_US
dc.subExtension Educationen_US
dc.subjectExtension Education, Agricultureen_US
dc.subjectA Studyen_US
dc.themeA STUDY ON TECHNO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES IN ADOPTION OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM BY MANGO ORCHARD GROWERS OF JUNAGADH DISTRICT IN GUJARAT STATEen_US
dc.these.typePh.Den_US
dc.titleA STUDY ON TECHNO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES IN ADOPTION OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM BY MANGO ORCHARD GROWERS OF JUNAGADH DISTRICT IN GUJARAT STATEen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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