ASSESSMENT OF BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO E.COLI AND SALMONELLA SPP
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Date
2016
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Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University Jabalpur
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The present study was undertaken to assess the quality of milk and milk products through standard plate count (SPC) and coliform count. During SPC, 4.76 %, 64.2% and 30.9 % raw milk showed the count < 2lakh, between 2-10 lakh, and > 10lakh, respectively. Out of 42 Khoa samples 16.0%, 57.14% and 26.19% had displayed the count < 25,000, 25-75,000 and 75,000 respectively. 88.0 % and 11.9% ice-cream samples had shown count <250000 and > 250,000 respectively. 66.6% of flavored milk didn’t show colony while 23.8% showed the count between 30-50,000. In dahi, 57.1% and 42.8% displayed the count between < 30000 and between 30– 50,000 respectively. Similarly, during coliform count, 64.2% raw milk, 35.71% ice-cream, 28.57% dahi, 21.4% flavored milk, 19.0% and khoa failed the standard of fssai.
A total of 210 samples of milk and milk products comprising of 42 raw milk and 168 milk products (42 khoa, 42 flavored milk, 42 ice-creams and 42 dahi) were examined for bacteriological quality and prevalence of E. coli and Salmonella spp. The overall prevalence of E. coli (23.33%) was recorded with the highest prevalence in raw milk (40.07%) followed by ice cream (28.57%), khoa (21.42%), dahi (16.66%) and flavored milk (9.52%). Salmonella spp. had shown prevalence of (7.61%), with (11.90%) in raw milk and dahi, followed by ice-cream (9.52%) and khoa (4.76%). Flavored milk was found negative for salmonella.
During molecular study, uspA, stx1 and stx2 and invA genes were studied respectively for E. coli and Salmonella spp. The results showed that a total of 55.1% (27/49) E. coli were positive for uspA Out of 27 uspA positives, 3(11.1%) and 8(29.62%) were possessing stx1and stx2 respectively and 1(3.7%) had both stx1 and stx2 gene. Among salmonella isolates, 31.25% (5/16) had shown presence for invA gene.
Antimicrobial profile study against 16 antimicrobial agents revealed that E. coli isolates exhibited sensitivity to netillin 95.9% (47/49), gentamicin 87.7% (43/49), amikacin and chloramphenicol 77.5% (38/49), ofloxacin 71.4% (35/49), kanamycin 65.3% (32/49), norfloxacin 63.2% (31/49) and ciprofloxacin 59.1% (29/49) and resistant to nitrofurantoin 81.6% (40/49), ampicillin 75.5% (37/49), cefotaxime 71.4% (35/49), tetracycline 61.2% (30/49) and ceftazidime 55.1% (27/49). Salmonella isolates were found sensitive to netillin 100% (16/16), ofloxacin 87.5% (14/16), norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid 62.5% (10/16), streptomycin and amikacin 56.2% (9/16) and resistant to nitrofurantoin 81.2% (13/16), tetracycline 75.0% (12/16), co-trimoxazole 68.7% (11/16), ampicilline 56.2% (9/16) and cefotaxime 50.0% (8/16).
The study revealed that the milk and milk products used for human consumption in study area were contaminated with E. coli and salmonella spp. with poor microbiological quality which indicates unhygienic practices during production and handling of milk and milk products. The presence of virulent E. coli and Salmonella spp is also of concern due to their potential public health hazard to cause infections ranging from mild diarrhea to life threatening cases viz. hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome and gastroenteritis and typhoid in humans
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