Genetic analysis and effect of seed quality on yield and its attributes in single cross hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.)
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Date
2015-08
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out during kharif, 2014 at N. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar under optimum (53,333 plants/ha) and high planting density (86,666 plants/ha) with the main objectives to determine combining ability, magnitude and direction of heterosis in Fl hybrid combinations, heritability, expected genetic advance and coefficient of variation with evaluation of effect of seed size on seed quality and performance of single cross maize hybrids seeds for germination and vigour traits under water stress to identify promising single cross maize hybrids. The experimental material was consisted of 9 inbred lines and 5 broad based testers and crossed in a line × tester fashion. All the 45 single cross hybrids with 14 parents were evaluated with two checks, Indra 17 and Rasi4214, in randomized complete block design. Analysis of variance revealed that these genotypes differed significantly for all the characters studied under field conditions and as well as under laboratory conditions, indicating the presence of sufficient amount of variability among them. Mean performance of parents and hybrids in optimum (E1) and high plant population density (E2) environments revealed that days to 50 per cent tasseling, days to 50 per cent silking, anthesis-silking interval, number of
nodes at first ear emerged, 100 kernel weight and grain yield increased with increase in plant population density. Analysis of variance for line × tester for both environments, pooled analysis of variance over environments for combining ability, line × environment and (line × tester) × environment interaction, variances due to GCA and SCA indicated that variance due to lines and line × tester interaction were significant for all the characters studied. The magnitude of SCA variance was greater than GCA variance for all the characters in all the environments showing preponderance of non-additive variance and suitability of material for hybrid breeding. The GCA effects of the parents indicated that parental lines L1, L4, L8, L9 and testers T2 and T3 in optimum plant population density; lines, L1, L2, L4, L8 and L9 and testers T1, T3 and T4 in high plant population density and lines L2, L4, L8 and L9 and tester T1 in pooled environment were the best combiners. Hybrids L2 × T5 (Pob 446-12-3-2-BB-
B × CM 211), L7 × T1 (Tarun 83-1-3-2-1-3-2-1× CM-129) , L3 × T5 (Pop 31 23-1-1-1-1-2-1/2 # 2-2 to 6# × CM 211) and L9 × T2 (Pop 31 18-2-1-1-1-1-3-1 to 6# 1-1 to 5 × CM 211) in optimum plant population density, L2 × T5 (Pob 446-12-3-2-B-B-B × CM 211), L3 × T5 (Pop 31 23-1-1-1-1-2-1/2 # 2-2 to 6# × CM 211)and L8 × T1(POB. 45 C8 – 149-1-1-2-2-1-2--8 × CM-129) in high plant population density and L2 × T5 (Pob 446-12-3-2-B-B-B × CM 211), L8 × T1 (POB. 45 C8 – 149-1-1-2-2-1-2--8 × CM-129) and L6 × T1 (POB-45-C8 -86-1-3-7-4-2--1--1-A × CM-129) in pooled environment showed higher SCA effects for grain yield and its contributing traits. In case of heterosis, high per cent of heterobeltiosis ,relative heterosis and standard heterosis in optimum and high plant population density and also pooled over environments were observed in crosses, L8 × T1 (POB. 45 C8 – 149-1-1-2-2-1-2--8 × CM-129), L9 × T1 (Pop 31 18-2-1-1-1-1-3-1 to 6# 1-1 to 5 × CM-129) and L2 × T5 (Pob 446-12-3-2-B-B-B × CM 211) for grain yield. Superior hybrids selected based on per se performance, heterosis and SCA effects were, L2 × T5 (Pob 446-12-3-2-B-B-B × CM 211), L1 × T4 (YHPA 85-4-3-2-3-3-1-1-1--1-12 × V 357) and L3 × T5 (Pop 31 23-1-1-1-1-2-1/2 # 2-2 to 6# × CM 211) in optimum plant population (E1); L2 × T5 (Pob 446-12-3-2-B-B-B × CM 211), L8 × T1 (POB. 45 C8 – 149-1-1-2-2-1-2--8 × CM-129) and L6 × T1 (POB-45-C8 -86-1-3-7-4-2--1--1-A × CM-129) in high plant population (E2) and L2 × T5 (Pob 446-12-3-2-B-B-B × CM 211),, L8 × T1 (POB. 45 C8 – 149-1-1-2-2-1-2--8 × CM-129), L8 × T3 (POB. 45 C8 – 149-1-1-2-2-1-2--8 × CM 137) and L3 × T5 (Pop 31 23-1-1-1-1-2-1/2 # 2-2 to 6# × CM 211) in pooled environment were selected as superior hybrids. A high estimate of heritability was observed for all the studied traits under both environments. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was estimated higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters in the similar direction. Maximum GCV and PCV were estimated for grain yield followed by anthesis-silking interval and 100 kernel weight in all the environments. Seed vigour evaluation of hybrids based on seed size revealed that large size seeds of hybrid, L4 × T4 (YHP-B45-1-2-3-1-6-2-4 4 × V 357)showed maximum standard germination per cent, shoot length, root length, seedling length, vigour index I and mean daily germination and L1 × T2 (YHPA 85-4-3-2-3-3-1-1-1--1-12 × CML-421) showed maximum value for fresh weight, relative growth index, mean germination time, germination index and coefficient of germination, which indicated that medium size seeds are vigourous than large and small seeds in maize. Analysis of variance for different sources of variation revealed significant influence of different concentration of PEG on different seed quality traits. The results of experiment for seed quality evaluation under water stress condition revealed that hybrids, L4 × T4 (YHP-B 45-1-2-3-1-6-2-4 4 × V 357), L4 × T2(YHP-B 45-1-2-3-1-6-2-4 4 × CML-421), L8 × T3 (POB. 45 C8 – 149-1-1-2-2-1-2--8 × CM 137) and L2 × T4 (Pob 446-12-3-2-B-B-B × V 357) will perform better under water stress conditions for all the studied seed quality parameters.
Description
Thesis-PhD
Keywords
genetic analysis, seed quality, yield components, heritability