Assessment of spent mushroom substrate against early blight, growth and yield of potato
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Date
2021-09
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is the left over product after mushroom harvest. It is rich in both macro, micronutrients and also the sink of various beneficial saprophytic micro-organisms including fungi. The SMS increases the plant vigour as well as induces their disease resistance. Keeping this importance of SMS in view, the present research experiments were carried out in the lab, field and glasshouse to control early blight of potato caused by Alternaria solani. These experiments with ten foliar applications of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% extract of the SMS of both Agaricus bisporus (E-SMS-Ab) and Pleurotus ostreatus (E-SMS-Po) including mancozeb and control. The EC, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were found high in quantity in E-SMS-Ab than the ESMS- Po and thus both were act as a growth promoter of Alternaria solani in-vitro. However, in the treatment of E-SMS-Po-40%, highest 13.67 CFUs of phylloplanes (Trichoderma, Aspergillus and Actinomycetes) were counted. In the field condition, the effect of E-SMS-Ab-40%, E-SMS-Po-40% and mancozeb-0.25% were found at par and controlled the disease severity by 37.03, 38.27 and 40.74%, respectively over control. While, increased plant height, foliage fresh and dry weight and yield of potato were recorded in the treatment of both the SMSs of 40 % each than to that of mancozeb and control. Out of ten treatments of the glasshouse, the pot mixture of four treatments of ESMS-
Ab were additionally made rich by mixing 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of SMS-Ab along with above foliar application of the SMSs. The pot treatment represent 40% soil-foliar application and mancozeb-0.25% were stood with least 30.67 and 28.67% disease severity, respectively. However, the cumulative effect of 40% soil-foliar application of SMS-Ab was invariably excellent in obtaining increased germination percent (83.57 %), plant height (78.47 cm), fresh weight (82 g), dry weight (26.67 g) and tuber weight (77.17 g). The above results were clearly stated that the foliar application of both the SMSs demonstrated dual effects on the plants by 1) increasing their vigour and resistance and 2) reduced the disease severity upon the activation of Trichoderma, Aspergillus and Actinomycetes from the potato foliage. Additionally, the soil and foliar application of ESMS-Ab further encouraged the above results. Therefore, it could be concluded that, both the SMSs more or less effective and used as an alternate source for managing the early blight of potato and its pathogen Alternaria solani under field and glasshouse condition. In future, the improved and concentrate form of the SMSs may be used in increasing plant vigour and their disease resistance.