Integrated management of sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de bary) of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. czern & coss)
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Date
2007
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Publisher
CCSHAU
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is one of the most devastating and
cosmopolitan plant pathogen. The pathogen causing stem rot of Indian
mustard has been identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The extracts of
Bougainvillea spectabilis (Bougainvillea), Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Allium
sativum (Garlic) were significantly effective in checking mycelial growth and
sclerotia formation at 50 per cent concentration. Bougainvillea and Garlic
extracts were also quite effective in reducing the mycelial growth and sclerotia
formation even at 37.5 and 25.0 per cent concentration as compared to control.
Optimum irrigation on every 7th day and flooding once in week were
significantly better as these treatment produce 4.17 and 4.33 per cent pre and
post-emergence damping-off as compared to controls (no irrigation and
covered/ no irrigation and un-covered). Optimum irrigation on every 3rd day
was best in reducing post-emergence damping-off (15 per cent). Flooding for
two consecutive days in a week and optimum irrigation on every 7th day were
most effective produce apothecia 18.50 and 19.67/pot, respectively. Minimum
lesion length (2.27 cm), disease intensity (41.39 per cent), and disease
incidence (48.03 per cent) have been recorded in the treatment where flooding
once in a week was provided. Out of three soil types, sandy soil recorded least
pre-emergence, post-emergence damping-off, number of apothecia/pot, disease
intensity and disease incidence as compared to clay and sandy loam soil. Soil
amendment with Bougainvillea and Mehndi leaf were able to reduce the
number of apothecia appearance, lesion length and disease intensity.
Bougainvillea, Eucalyptus and Jamun leaf amendments were better treatments
and contracted disease incidence 36.67, 36.67, and 40.0 per cent, respectively,
as compared to control. All cakes/organic manures were significantly reduced
number of apothecia production in pots. Poultry manure was most effective
and significantly better in reducing lesion length and disease intensity. Isolates
of Trichoderma harzianum-3, T. harzianum-4 and Bacillus subtillis were most
potent in decreasing the linear growth and number of apothecia production in
in vitro conditions. T. harzianum was quite effective in reducing lesion length
and disease intensity when applied simultaneously and seven days prior to the
pathogen. Antagonist @ 15 g wheat bran/kg soil was better in reducing
damping-off, lesion length and disease intensity as compared to 5 g and 10 g.
The interaction i.e. attachment, coiling, penetrated and degradation of host wall
of the pathogen between antagonists and pathogen was observed under
microscope. INA, SA seed treatment or spray @ 100 ppm could reduce seedling
mortality, lesion length, disease intensity and disease incidence.
Description
Keywords
Integrated management, Sclerotinia rot, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Mustard, Biological control, Cultural control