ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY MISSION (NFSM) - PULSES PROGRAMME IN PRAKASAM DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH
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Date
2023-07-14
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
ACHARYA NG RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
Abstract
Pulses are an important source of dietary protein for developing and under developed countries. Farmers in India are known to cultivate more than a dozen and a half pulse crops for consumption in various seasons across the country. In India, per cent share of pulses to the total food-grain basket in terms of area and production was 19.62 and 16.55 per cent, respectively, during 1950-51. From 1950-51 to 2006-07, the total acreage under pulses had almost been stagnated. As a result of stagnant pulse production and continuous increase in population, the per capita availability of pulses has decreased considerably. Due to this, during XIth Plan (2007-08 Rabi), in pursuance of the resolution adopted in the 53rd meeting of National Development Council, a Centrally Sponsored Scheme on National Food Security Mission was launched. In India, pulses are grown in 29.4 million ha area with a production of 23.92 million tonnes and with a productivity of 816 kg ha-1. The current initiative is an effort to bridge the above gap between production and consumption.
In Andhra Pradesh, production of pulses is less than one million tonnes (0.96 MT) and the productivity is also less even after implementing NFSM-Pulses programme which needs critical examination. Hence, the present study on “Analysis of National Food Security Mission (NFSM) - Pulses programme in Prakasam District of Andhra Pradesh” was designed. The present investigation was to study all factors which affect the participation of farmers in NFSM-Pulses programme and also to identify the constraints faced by farmers in implementation of NFSM-Programme, besides analysing the impact of NFSM-Pulses programme on production of pulses.
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The research study entitled “Analysis of National Food Security Mission (NFSM) - Pulses programme in Prakasam District of Andhra Pradesh” was taken up with the following objectives.
1. to compare the socio-economic conditions of beneficiary farmers and non-beneficiary farmers of NFSM-Pulses programme.
2. to study the impact of NFSM-Pulses programme on production of pulses.
3. to evaluate the implementation of NFSM-Pulses programme.
4. to analyse the factors influencing farmers participation under NFSM-Pulses programme and
5. to identify the constraints and suggest means for better implementation of NFSM-Pulses programme.
Multistage sampling technique was adopted for the selection of sample at different levels in the present study. Andhra Pradesh was selected purposively. In Andhra Pradesh, Prakasam district was selected purposively for the study. Three mandals were selected and from each mandal, two villages were selected based on the highest area under Pulses. From each village, 10 beneficiary and 10 non-beneficiary farmers were selected, making a total sample of 120 farmers comprising 60 beneficiaries and 60 non-beneficiary farmers. The data pertains to the year 2020-21. Primary and secondary data were collected and analysed through tabular analysis using descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression and Garrett’s ranking technique were followed.
Descriptive statistics results showed that participation of women farmers (8.33 per cent) is lesser than male farmers (91.67 per cent) in NFSM-Pulses programme. Average family size of the respondent households was 4 members. About, 51.31 per cent of total respondents’ household members were engaged in farming. Most of the respondents belongs to 25-50 years age group. Majority of respondents were found to be small farmers. Majority of the beneficiary respondents were literates with primary level of education. Majority of the non-beneficiary respondents were illiterates. Institutional credit sources were highly preferred by respondents. The main source to obtain credit was PACS. As far as cropping pattern of beneficiary and non-beneficiary respondents were concerned, red gram and bengal gram were found to be dominating crops in kharif season, while in rabi season cropping pattern of beneficiary and non-beneficiary respondents is dominated by green gram and black gram, respectively. In Prakasam district, pulses production recorded a positively significant growth during 8th (19.18 per cent), 9th (72.95 per cent), 10th (15.21 per cent) and 12th FYP (11.99 per cent). But, during 11th FYP pulses production was negatively significant with -5.85 per cent due to decline in area under pulses crop.
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The overall progress of physical and financial achievement of NFSM-Pulses programme during the period of 2016-17 to 2020-21 were 68.60 and 62.46 per cent, respectively. The physical achievement progress had increased from 22.48 per cent (2016-17) to 78.15 per cent (2020-21) and financial achievement progress has increased from 26.39 per cent (2016-17) to 88.71 per cent (2020-21).
The results of decomposition analysis showed that per hectare returns of beneficiary farmers was 17.01 per cent higher than that of non-beneficiary farmers. The NFSM-Pulses technology component was contributing 11.49 per cent to the total increase in output. The total contribution of changes in the levels of input use to the outcome differences between the two groups was 5.51 per cent.
The binary logistic regression showed that farmers participation in NFSM-Pulses programme was influenced positively by number of exposure visits, adoption of certified seed, adoption of IPM practices, number of trainings received, use of bio-fertilizers and mechanization of farm.
The problems faced by NFSM-Pulses beneficiary farmers were long time gap between purchase of inputs and receiving the subsidy amount, non-availability of comprehensive information on NFSM-Pulses, technical advice is not provided under the programme, etc.
The government should ensure the close monitoring of flow of funds in order to ensure that the interventions reach the target beneficiaries on time. Government should be taken appropriate measures for increasing the area, production and productivity under pulses by providing incentives to farmers. The time gap between inputs purchased and the subsidy received by the NFSM-Pulses beneficiaries should be minimized. The awareness about the NFSM-Pulses programme needs to be increased through holding gram sabha and group meetings. More number of training programmes and exposure visits should be conducted to the beneficiary farmers to increase their knowledge base on improved technologies. This could have a synergistic effect on the efforts of NFSM-Pulses programme. KVK, DAATTC and ARS of Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University should play a major role to ensure the adoption of interventions under NFSM-Pulses programme by the beneficiary farmers in Prakasam district. Exposure visits/ trainings at national and international organizations like IIPR, ICRISAT could be organized in-order to enrich the knowledge base of technical personnel involved in the NFSM-Pulses programme which intern may be useful to the NFSM –Pulse beneficiary farmers in better adoption of interventions.
Description
ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY MISSION (NFSM) - PULSES PROGRAMME IN PRAKASAM DISTRICT OF
ANDHRA PRADESH