Host plant resistance traits against melon fruit fly bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) in bitter gourd
| dc.contributor.advisor | Bantewad, S.D. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Radhika | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-04-26T12:35:31Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-04-26T12:35:31Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2023-04-20 | |
| dc.description.abstract | The present investigation entitled “Host plant resistance traits against melon fruit fly Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) in bitter gourd” was conducted at experimental farm of Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, VNMKV Parbhani during both seasons rainy 2020-21 and summer 2021-22. During the investigation period, 11 species of insect pests and 6 species of natural enemies were found on crop at different crop growth stages. Among them sucking pests were aphids, thrips, hoppers and whiteflies, in case of borer melon fruit fly and epilachna beetle as defoliator were major pests recorded and natural enemies were spiders, ladybird beetles, hymenopterans and minute pirate bugs etc. On bitter gourd fruit fly was the major pest it cause per cent fruit range 15.65 to 59.33 per cent in rainy season whereas, 28.99 to 61.14 per cent in summer season. Per cent fruit infestation was positively correlated with relative humidity and rainfall of weather factors. Epilachna beetle was the major defoliator among pests and positively correlated with temperature, rainfall and bright sun shine hours. On bitter gourd recorded the population of thrips, aphids, hoppers and whiteflies were major sucking pests and natural enemies ladybird beetles, spiders and minute pirate bugs, the minute pirate bug played an important role in reducing the sucking pest population during course of investigation. The recorded larval pupal parasitoid shows highest 16 per cent parasitism against melon fly and braconids helped to reduce population of cucumber moth. It was found that freshly laid eggs of melon fruit fly were pure white in colour and elliptical in shape and mean length and breadth of egg was 0.735±0.057 mm and 0.153±0.017 mm, respectively. Maggots passed through three instars to attain pupal stage. First instar maggots were whitish in colour, somewhat oval in shape with translucent body, second instar maggots were creamy white in colour and ellipsoidal in shape and third instar maggots were creamy white to yellowish in colour with opaque body and exhibited a peculiar habit of hopping. The first, second and third instar maggot measured on an average 1.44±0.03, 5.02±0.40 and 8.13±0.95 mm in length and 0.25±0.02, 0.47±0.09 and 1.41±0.20 mm in breadth, respectively. The average duration of maggot period was found to be 6.21±0.83 days. The mature maggots contracted longitudinally to attain pre-pupal stages which were spiral in form. The average duration of pre-pupal period was 1.09±0.28 days. The pupae were barrel shaped and yellowish to deep brownish yellow when freshly formed. As the eclosion neared, the colour changed into brownish grey. The average length and breadth of pupa was 4.81±0.84 mm and 2.19±0.13 mm, respectively. The average duration of pupal period was found to be 6.51±0.95 days. Adult flies were bright reddish brown in colour with lemon yellow markings on thorax with spotted wings. The average length and breadth of female was 8.54±0.43 mm and 2.49±0.11 mm, respectively, whereas, the male measured 7.07±0.55 mm in length and 2.42±0.16 mm in breadth indicating that females being larger in size than males. The longevity of male and female flies was found to be 18.63±1.84 and 23.22±1.61 days, respectively when supplied with 5% honey solution. The female adult deposited their eggs in the mesocarp region of ripening bitter gourd fruit with the help of sharp ovipositor. The female laid on an average 90.98±6.51 eggs. Sex ratio in melon fruit fly was observed as 1:0.78 (male: female). Categorization of genotypes based on per cent fruit damage has been carried among them Green gold coming under resistant category followed by Ko-tara, Hirkarni, Ko-karli and Pusa hybrid 4 were coming under moderately resistant category, Priyanka, NS-435, Preethi and Pusa aushadi were coming under susceptible category whereas, Pusa-rasdhari coming under highly susceptible category, respectively. Physical traits of bitter gourd fruits like; fruit length, fruit diameter, number of longitudinal ridges/cm2 and pericarp thickness of fruits shows negative correlation with fruit damage. Thickness of longitudinal ridges shows significant and positive correlation with fruit damage. Depth of longitudinal ridges, number of small ridges/cm2, depth of small ridges and fruit toughness shows significant and negative correlation with per cent fruit damage. Chemical traits chlorophyll content shows non significance in per cent fruit damage. Moisture content of fruits was positively correlated with per cent fruit damage whereas, nitrogen protein, phenol and total sugar were showed significant and negatively correlated with per cent fruit damage. The effective treatments against sucking pests like thrips, hoppers, aphids and whiteflies were arranged in order as per efficacy azadirachtin 10000 ppm at 1ml/lit >Verticilium leccani at 4g/lit > Dashpharni ark 32ml/lit>NSKE 5%> Beauveria bassiana at 4g/lit > lamit at 7ml/lit > Metarhizium rileyi 4g/lit, respectively and against fruit fly the treatment azadirachtin 10000 ppm at 1ml/lit > Dashpharni ark at 32 ml/lit >NSKE 5% >B. bassiana at 4 ml/lit >lamit at 7ml/lit and V. leccani at 4 ml/lit >Metarhizium rileyi at 4ml/lit, respectively. The highest yield was recorded in azdiracchtin 10000 ppm 54.36q/ha and which was found significantly superior over other treatments. The treatments were in descending order as per they recorded yield Dashpharni ark at 32ml/lit 49.98q/ha, NSKE 5% 47.32, B. bassiana 41.56q/ha, V leccani 34.85q/ha, M. rileyi 28.70q/ha and untreated plot 26.93q/ha, respectively. The highest net profit was recorded in bio-pesticide azadirachtin 10000 ppm at 1ml/lit @ 1 ml/lit, followed by Dashpharni ark @ 32ml/lit, NSKE 5%, B. bassiana @ 4g/lit , V. leccani 4g/lit, lamit @ 7ml/lit, M. rileyi4g/lit, respectively. Cost benefit ratio forms the ultimate criterion for judging the superiority of any treatment for crop protection. The highest cost benefit ratio was recorded in biopesticides azadirachtin 10000 ppm at 1ml/lit followed by Dashpharni ark at 32ml/lit, NSKE 5%, B. bassiana 4g/lit, V. leccani 4g/lit, lamit @ 7ml/lit, M. rileyi 4g/lit, respectively were recorded. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.other | 23306 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810196753 | |
| dc.keywords | Melon fruit fly, biopesticides, seasonal incidence, physico-chemical traits, biology, screening of bitter gourd etc. | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | English | en_US |
| dc.pages | 310 | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani | en_US |
| dc.sub | Agricultural Entomology | en_US |
| dc.theme | Agriculture | en_US |
| dc.these.type | Ph.D | en_US |
| dc.title | Host plant resistance traits against melon fruit fly bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) in bitter gourd | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |