PHYSIOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND HORMONAL PROFILES OF INDIGENOUS SHEET DURING SUMMER AND WINTER SEASON UNDER INTENSIVE PRODUCTION SYSTEM
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Date
2016
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AAU, Anand
Abstract
Eight female Indigenous sheep were investigated for their physiological, biochemical and hormonal profiles during summer (15/04/2015 to 14/06/2015) and winter (01/12/1015 to 31/01/2016) seasons. Physiological parameters were recorded daily two times at 7:30 am and 2:30 pm. Blood samples were collected at weekly interval throughout the study period. Meteorological parameters like dry bulb temperature and relative humidity were recorded daily for two times at 7:30 am and 2:30 pm for estimation of THI throughout the study period. In addition to that the meteorological data for last 10 years was also collected for estimation of THI for last 10 years. In the present study, the mean THI found during summer and winter season was 82.55±1.22 and 59.36±2.24, respectively while the mean THI for last 10 years was 82.09±0.48 during summer and 66.14±0.38 during winter season. During summer season, the mean rectal temperature (°F), respiration rate (breath/min.), pulse rate (rate/min.) and skin temperature (°F) were 101.66±0.01, 36.60±0.50, 78.06±0.04 and 98.57±0.02 at 7:30 am, respectively but at 2:30 pm, they were 102.67±0.04, 43.44±0.50, 85.54±0.50 and 101.62±0.02, respectively. During winter season, the mean rectal temperature, respiration rate, pulse rate and skin temperature were 99.59±0.01, 32.34±0.40, 75.63±0.30 and 94.92±0.04 at 7:30 am. respectively and 100.34±0.03, 34.89±0.40, 81.64±0.40 and 96.95±0.04, respectively at 2:30 pm. Significant (P<0.05) differences were found in between time (7:30 am and 2:30 pm) and season (summer and winter) for all the physiological parameters during the experimental period. These physiological parameters were directly proportional to the THI. Among the Haematological attributes, the RBC (10 power 6/µl), Hb (g/dl) and PCV (%) levels were found significantly (P<0.05) higher during summer than during winter season while the non-significant results were found in MCV, MCH and MCHC level in both the season. The RBC, Hb, and PCV level were positively correlated with the THI. Among the biochemical constituents of indigenous sheep, the mean concentration of glucose (mg/dl) and cholesterol (mg/dl) were significantly (P<0.05) lower (46.15±1.30 and 44.29±0.43, respectively) during summer than the winter season (55.55±1.19 and 81.62±1.77, respectively) while, significantly (P<0.05) higher concentrations (22.87±0.85, 2.33±0.04 and 0.40±0.03, respectively) of BUN (mg/dl), creatinine (mg/dl) and uric acid (mg/dl) were observed during summer as compared to during winter season (14.09±0.90, 0.98±0.04 and 0.18±0.0], respectively). The serum total protein was not differed (6.78±0.19 in summer and 6.70±0.25 in winter) significantly in the present study. The serum BUN, creatinine and uric acid concentrations were found directly proportional to the THI and the glucose and cholesterol level were inversely proportional to the THI. The study on enzymes revealed that the serum ALT (U/L) and AST (U/L) levels were elevated (44.51±1.53 and 121.38±2.48, respectively) significantly (P<0.05) during summer season than the winter season (36.32±1.20 and 103.86±3.27, respectively). These serum enzymes were positively correlated with the THI. The serum minerals studied in indigenous sheep showed significant (P<0.05) difference between the seasons. The serum sodium (mmol/1) and potassium (mmol/1) level were significantly (P<0.05) increased (161.24±0.37 and 6.00±0.05, respectively) during summer season than the winter season (143.17±0.67 and 4.60±0.05, respectively) while the opposite result was found in the serum calcium and inorganic phosphorous levels in indigenous sheep. The serum calcium (mg/dl) and inorganic phosphorous (mg/dl) level were significantly (P<0.05) lower (7.49±0.11 and 3.74±0.09, respectively) during summer season than during winter season (8.52±0.23 and 5.70±0.49, respectively). The semm sodium and potassium level was directly proportional to the THI whereas the serum calcium and inorganic phosphorous level was inversely proportional to the THI In the present study, the level of different hormones showed a significant (P<0.05) difference in both the season in indigenous sheep. The mean value of serum T3 (ng/ml) and T4 (ng/ml) was 1.46±0.09 and 43.09±1.25, respectively during summer season but it was 2.55±0.12 and 54.93±1.05, respectively during winter season which was 1.75 and 1.27 times higher during winter as compared to the summer season. The serum Cortisol (ng/ml) concentration was 1.29 times during summer season (13.17±0.09) than the winter season (10.62+0.25). The serum T3 and T4 level was negatively correlated with the THI while serum Cortisol level was positively correlated with the THI. All the antioxidants that studied (SOD, LPO and GPx) showed significant (P<0.05) variations during summer and winter season. The SOD (U), LPO (nmol of MDA/ml of packed cells) and GPx (U/ml) level were 1.46, 1.31 and 1.29 times higher during summer season than the winter season. The SOD, LPO and GPx level was directly proportional to the THI. The study revealed that some of the parameters studied are visibly drifted from normal values as a result of stress of summer and winter season. The information obtained may be useful in understanding the adaptive physiology of the indigenous sheep during summer and winter season. The data generated may also help to know the effect of seasonal stress in indigenous sheep.
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VETERINARY PHYSIOLOGY, A STUDY