Patho-biological and Immunological studies on Monocrotophos intoxicated broiler chicken fed on Curcumin supplemented feed
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Date
2023-07
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LUVAS Hisar
Abstract
The present experimental study was undertaken in broiler chicken to study the patho-biological changes
produced due to Monocrotophos toxicity and to elucidate the ameliorating effect of curcumin supplementation on clinical
signs, mortality, body weight, biochemical changes, oxidative stress parameters, acetyl choline esterase activity,
pathological lesions and immune responses in relation to the toxicity of monocrotophos. 132 broiler chicks at the age of 7
days were divided randomly into two groups (group A and B) of 66 chicks in each group. All the chicks of group A were
given feed supplemented with curcumin (@ 200 mg/kg of feed) throughout the experiment. All the chicks of group B
were given normal feed without any supplementation. At the age of 14 days, the chicks of groups A and B were divided
into two subgroups (group A into A1 and A2, group B into B1 and B2) of 33 chicks each. All the chicks of group A1 and
B1 were given monocrotophos @ 5 ppm [as used earlier by Babulal (2007) in his experiments] per kg of feed up to the
end of experiment. The chicks of group B2 served as normal control group i.e. without any curcumin and monocrotophos.
Blood samples were collected from six chicks of each subgroup directly from heart on 0th, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day
post initiation of monocrotophos feeding in sterile ethylene diamine tetra acetate (EDTA) coated vials for assessment of
haematological and oxidative stress parameters and in sterile tubes for serum separation. Serum samples were stored in
aliquots at -20oC until its use for assessing different biochemical parameters and humoral immune response. After
collection of blood, these chicks were sacrificed and they were subjected to thorough post-mortem examination.
Representative tissues of the different organs such as liver, heart, lungs, brain, kidneys, intestine, spleen, thymus and
bursa of fabricius were collected in 10 % buffered formalin for histopathological studies. Brain tissue samples were
collected from each bird after sacrifice and stored at -20oC for estimation of acetylcholine esterase activity. The chicks of
both the monocrotophos administered groups (A1 and B1) exhibited varying degree of clinical signs such as dullness,
ruffled feathers, torticollis, head held down near the chest and reduced feed intake at different time intervals. Mean body
weight was found significantly decreased in groups A1 and B1 as compared control group B2 at different time intervals.
Haematological studies showed significant decrease in mean Hb and TEC and significant increase in PCV in groups A1
and B1 as compared to control group B2. MCV and MCHC values indicated that there was presence of macrocytic
hypochromic anemia in both the monocrotophos administered groups (A1 and B1) but the severity of the anemia was less
in curcumin supplemented group A1. Biochemical studies showed significant decrease in mean total serum protein and
albumin concentration and significant increase in serum AST, ALT, GGT, creatinine and uric acid concentrations in
groups A1 and B1 as compared to control group B2 at different time intervals. Blood Catalase activity and SOD were
significantly decreased in group A1 and B1 as compared to control group B2. The values of mean LPO activity were found
higher in both the monocrotophos administered groups (A1 and B1) as compared to control group B2 throughout the
experiment on all days post monocrotophos administration. Humoral mediated immune (HMI) response (assessed through
serum antibody titre via haemagglutination inhibition test/HI test) and cell mediated immune (CMI) response (assessed
through delayed type hypesensitivity/DTH test) were found significantly lowered in monocrotophos administered groups
(A1 and B1) as compared to control group B2. Acetylcholine esterase activity (AChE) in brain was found significantly
decreased in both monocrotophos administered groups (A1 and B1) as compared to control group B2. On gross
examination, chicks of groups A1 and B1 showed varying degrees of atrophy, congestion, haemorrhages and leucoytic
cells infiltration in liver, lungs, heart, kidneys, bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus, intestine and brain. Histopathological
lesions in groups A1 and B1 revealed varying degrees of congestion, degenerative changes in hepatocytes, nephritis, goblet
cell hyperplasia in intestinal villi and depletion of lymphocytes in spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius. In case of
histopathology the lesions were inflammatory, vascular, degenerative, necrotic, proliferative and mild infiltrative type in
the monocrotophos administered group (B1) in different organs and were of lesser severity in curcumin supplemented
group A1. On the basis of results of the present study it is concluded that curcumin supplementation (@ 200 mg/kg feed)
in monocrotophos administered (@ 5 ppm/kg in feed) broiler chicken showed significant improvement in clinical signs,
body weight, haemato-biochemical alterations showing its ameliorative effect; significant reduction in oxidative stress,
and pathological alterations in different organs which showed protective effect of curcumin; showed significant
improvement in humoral and cellular immune response along with acetyl choline esterase activity in brain due to its
ameliorative effect.