HETEROSIS, COMBINING ABILITY AND STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN HYBRID RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
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Date
2018
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Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to elicit the information on restorers
and maintainers reaction of male parents, performance of CMS lines for their out
crossing and floral traits and variability, combining ability, heterosis and stability of
hybrids for yield and yield components and variability of quality characters of
promising hybrids at three locations of Andhra Pradesh.
Three superior wild abortive based indica cytosterile lines (IR 58025A, IR
68888A and IR 68897A) and 40 elite indica/indica derivatives were crossed in a line
x tester design during kharif, 2014 at Agricultural Research Station, Nellore, Andhra
Pradesh. During kharif, 2015, 120 hybrids were evaluated. 18 restorers were
identified based on the spikelet fertility per cent (>80%).Out crossing % and floral
traits viz., panicle exertion per cent, stigma exertion per cent, angle of floret opening
and out crossing per cent were studied for 3 CMS lines during kharif 2015. Three
CMS lines were crossed with 18 restorers in LxT matting system) along with their
parents and two checks (DRRH-2 and KRH-2) were evaluated at three different
locations viz., Nellore, J.M.Puram and near Nandyal for yield and yield contributing
characters namely days to 50 % flowering, plant height, number of productive tillers
plant-1, panicle length, number of filled grains panicle-1, total number of grains
panicle-1, spikelet fertility per cent, test weight and grain yield plant-1.
Eleven grain quality traits including L/B ratio, hulling per cent, milling per
cent, head rice recovery, kernel elongation ratio, water uptake, volume expansion
ratio, alkali spreading value, protein content, gel consistency and amylose content of
promising hybrids among selected hybrids in comparison to check KRH-2 which
showed higher grain yield per plant when pooled over locations was carried out
during kharif, 2016.
Characterization of floral traits indicated maximum out crossing per cent in IR
68897A followed by IR 58025 A where panicle exertion per cent was high. out
crossing per cent was low in the CMS line IR 68888A followed by IR 58025A and
high in IR 68897 A.
The analysis of variance of 77 genotypes (three A lines, 18 R lines, 54 hybrids
and two checks) revealed significant differences among the lines, testers and hybrids
evaluated at different locations for all the characters under study. Variability studies
showed that the magnitude of difference between PCV and GCV was relatively low
for all the traits except for plant height, no. of productive tillers plant-1 and panicle
length. The magnitude of PCV was higher than GCV for all the traits, which revealed
the influence of environment on the expression of these traits. High heritability
coupled with high genetic advance was observed for no. of filled grains per panicle-1,
total number of grains panicle -1 and test weight suggested the role of additive gene
action in the inheritance of these traits and hence, improvement for this character can
be achieved by pure line selection, mass selection, progeny selection and
hybridization & selection with pedigree breeding.
Pooled combining ability analysis of variance showed significant differences
due to locations, parents, hybrids and various interactions indicating the existence of
sufficient variation in the material under study. Gca and sca variances indicated that
non additive gene action was predominant in the expression of all the yield and yield
component traits
None of the lines and testers were found to exhibit significant gca effects for
all the characters studied. The line, IR-68897A expressed significant gca effects for
grain yield plant-1
, test weight (large grain size) and panicle length. The testers NLR
3041 and MTU 1001 recorded significant positive gca effects for grain yield plant-1,
total no. of grains panicle-1 and no. of filled grains panicle-1 and significant negative
gca effects for test weight (fine grain) for NLR 3041. The crosses that recorded good
per se performance, significant sca effects and heterosis for grain yield plant-1 were
IR-58025 A x WGL 3962, IR-68897A x JGL 11118, IR-68897A x BPT 5204, IR-
68897A x WGL 13200, IR-68888A x NLR 3010, IR-68897A x NLR 34449 and IR-
58025A x MTU1001.
Genotype x environment interaction studies indicated that none of the hybrids
were stable for grain yield per plant. The hybrids IR 68888A x NLR 3010, IR 68897A
x MTU 1010, IR 68897A x NLR 34449, IR 58025A x NLR 3041 and IR 68897A x
WGL 3962 were suitable for unfavourable environments for grain yield per plant.
Seven hybrids IR 68897A x WGL 32100, IR 58025A x NLR 3010, IR 68897A x BPT
5204, IR 68897A x NLR 3083, IR 68897A x WGL 283, IR 58025A x NLR 34449
and IR 68897A x MTU 1001 were suitable for favourable environments for grain
yield per plant.
In AMMI model, G x E interaction was partitioned into one interaction
principle component axes (IPCAs) and IPCA 1 is significant for all characters with
contribution of > 50 % of total G x E interaction sum of squares. The interaction of
fifty four hybrids along with two checks at three locations was best predicted by first
interaction principal component. Hybrids viz IR-68888A x NLR 3010, IR-68897A x
MTU 1010 and IR-68897A x PS 4 were found stable for grain yield with high mean
and zero IPCA score.
Results from the use of two stability models indicated that the hybrid IR-
58025A x WGL 283 was stable for days to 50% flowering. For days to maturity IR-
68888A x MTU1001, IR-58025A x WGL 283 and IR-68897A x JGL 11118 were
stable. Whereas, IR-68897A x WGL 32100 was stable for total number of grains
panicle-1. IR-68888A x JGL 11118 was registered stability for test weight. For grain
yield plant-1 IR-68897A x MTU 1010 was registered as stable hybrid.
Ten high yielding promising hybrids for grain yield were shortlisted based on
average mean performance over locations and subjected to grain quality analysis
along with two checks. Among 12 hybrids studied, IR-68897A x BPT 5204, IR-
68897A x WGL 32100, IR-68897A x MTU1001 and IR-68897A x NLR 3083 were
suitable for favourable possessed desirable quality characters like hulling per cent,
milling per cent, head rice recovery per cent, L/B ratio, gel consistency and amylose
content. The magnitude of difference between PCV and GCV was relatively low for
all the quality traits suggesting least influence of environment on these traits. Wide
variability was observed in the case of alkali spreading value which indicated its
amenability towards directional selection. The traits viz., head rice recovery, water
uptake and gel consistency recorded moderate variability, while the other traits
exhibited low variability.
Additive gene action was noticed for head rice recovery, water uptake, volume
expansion ratio, alkali spreading value and gel consistency as these characters
registered high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. L/B ratio, kernel
elongation ratio and amylose content registered high heritability and moderate genetic
advance which indicates the involvement of both additive and non-additive gene
action. Biparental matting, diallel selective matting system or cyclic hybridization can
be used for further improvement of these characters.
In the present study, hybrids IR-68897A x WGL 32100, IR-68897A x BPT
5204, IR-68897A x NLR 34449 and IR-68888A x NLR 3010 recorded good per se
performance, positive sca effects and standard heterosis for grain yield per plant with
desirable grain quality traits over locations. These hybrids were also stable for
favourable environments (IR-68897A x WGL 32100 and IR-68897A x BPT 5204)
and unfavourable environments (IR-68897A x NLR 34449 and IR-68888A x NLR
3010). These hybrids may be thoroughly tested over large number of environments
for further confirmations before it is being exploited commercially.
Description
D5637
Keywords
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