Study on microbiological assessment of poultry slaughtering units in punjab
Loading...
Files
Date
2022
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana
Abstract
This study has been undertaken to determine the occurrence, antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation and virulence of E. coli, Salmonella spp. and S.aureus isolated from poultry slaughtering units from three different regions of Punjab, India. A total of 421 samples (96 chicken meat samples, 55 faecal and 270 environmental swab samples) were collected from retail butcher shops and semiorganized/organized slaughtering units from three different regions of Punjab. Out of 421 samples, 158 isolates were confirmed for E. coli (37.53%), 171 for S. aureus (40.62%) and only 5 isolates were confirmed for Salmonella spp. (0.95%). The isolation rate of E. coli was highest from the faecal samples 60% (33/55), followed by environmental swab samples 34.4% (93/270) and meat samples 33.3% (32/96). The prevalence of S. aureus in chicken meat samples was 43.75% (42/96), in faecal samples 32.72% (18/55) and in environmental swab samples was 41.11% (111/270). Salmonella spp. were only detected only in 3 faecal and 2 meat samples. The virulence genes profiles indicated that gene fimA and eae were detected in 93.04% (147/158) and 2.53% (4/158) of the E. coli isolates, respectively. Among the 171 S. aureus isolates the gene coa was detected in 81.29% (139/171) isolates. The gene invA was not detected in any of the 5 Salmonella isolates. Among the E. coli isolates 68.35% (108/158) were multi-drug resistant, showing resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics. High resistance was observed against ampicillin and tetracycline (96.97%) among the faecal E. coli isolates. MRSA was detected in 16.95% (29/171) S. aureus isolates from chicken meat, faecal and environmental swab samples. All the S. aureus isolates (100%) from the faecal samples were resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline antibiotics. High resistance was also observed to erythromycin (83.3%) in chicken meat samples, (66.67%) in faecal samples and (80.18%) in the environment swab samples. Out of the 171 S. aureus isolates 127 isolates were multidrug resistance (74.26%). All the 5 isolates of Salmonella spp. (100%) were multidrug resistant. Complete resistance was observed against tetracycline, erythromycin and ampicillin (100%) among all the Salmonella isolates from meat and faecal samples. Meanwhile, E. coli, Salmonella spp. and S. aureus isolates exhibited variation in biofilm forming behaviour with regards to the different types of samples, a relatively strong biofilm production was observed in environmental isolates of S. aureus and E. coli, whereas 3 of the Salmonella spp. isolates were moderate biofilm producers and 2 were weak biofilm producers. Our findings provide baseline information on the distribution of E. coli, Salmonella spp. and S. aureus in the poultry slaughtering units in Punjab, and provide support to the need for upgradation in hygiene levels and slaughtering practices with more prudent use of antimicrobial agents in the poultry.