Studies on Impact of Climate Change on Vegetable Crop Production in Mid Hills of Himachal Pradesh
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Date
2016
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YSPU
Abstract
The present investigations entitled “Studies on Impact of Climate Change on Vegetable Crop Production in Mid Hills of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during the years 2014 and 2015 at the Research Farm of Department of Environmental Science, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, H.P. The study revealed that higher plant height (11.04cm) at maturity, pollen viability (79.90%) was recorded in bell pepper at elevated CO2 . Elevated CO 2 and temperature resulted minimum days (104.17days)to first picking of bell pepper fruits. Bell pepper under elevated CO 2recorded maximum fruit size (40.19cm
2 ), average fruit weight (63.06g/fruit), plant fresh weight (460.15g/plant), dry weight (107.19 g/plant), ash content (23.68%), total phenols (39g/100g), calcium (0.46%) than ambient CO 2 and temperatureand natural condition. Elevated CO2 and temperature recorded minimum chlorophyll (1708.71mg/kg), nitrogen (4.39%), phosphorus (0.25%), potassium (4.48%) and magnesium(0.36 %) as compared to ambient CO 2 and temperature and natural condition. Maximum S. lituralarval period (19.92days), larval weight (0.51g), fecal matter (0.42g), RCR (64.86mg.d-1 ), AD (84.24%), leaf damage (14.52%) and minimum ECI (36.14%) and ECD (43.23%) was under elevated CO 2 . Maximum number aphids (17.08 aphids/plant), maximum Phytophthora blight incidence (22.71%), Cercospora leaf spot severity
(15.88%) was recorded under elevated CO2 and temperature. The plant fresh weight (+29.63 %) and plant biomass(+37.53%), average fruit weight (+ 23.63%) and fruit yield (+17.01 %) was higher in Solan Bharpur as compared to California Wonder (fresh weight :+22.48%;biomass:+33.14%;fruit eight:+15.75% and fruit yield: +11.97%) under elevated CO2 over ambient CO2 and temperature. Plants of pea exhibited, higher plant height (97.82 cm) at maturity, pollen viability (78.42 %), leaf water content (89.28 %), leaf area (71.47 cm 2 ), number of pods (45.50 pods/plant), pod length
(10.14 cm) pod girth (13.75 mm), highest pod yield (304.53 q/ha), plant dry weight (36.17 g/plant), ash content (11.54 %) and calcium (0.56%) in pea under elevated CO2. Pea leaf miner infestation (14.87 %) was higher under natural condition and lowest under elevated CO 2 (11.97 %). Maximum severity of powdery mildew in pea plants was under elevated CO2 and temperature (16.33 %) and minimum in natural condition (2.96 %). Maximum Fusarism wilt incidence in pea was in elevated CO2 (3.53 %) and minimum in natural condition (2.18 %). The plant fresh weight, plant biomass and ash content increased to +19.74 per cent, +38.21 per cent and 38.20 per cent, respectively in PB - 89 under elevated CO2 in mparison to Azad P - 1 (fresh weight: +18.87 %; biomass: +32.61% and ash content: +37.57%). Number of pods/plant, number of grains/pod, average pod weight and pod yield increased to + 19.65 per cent, + 28.93 per cent, + 44.65 per cent and +36.23 per cent, respectively, in PB – 89 under elevated CO2 as compared to Azad P-1(pods/plant: +17.71 %; number of grains/pod: + 26.92 %; average pod weight: + 35.48 %; pod yield: +31.22 %) . Thus elevated CO 2 worked positively and increased productivity of both crops, however, the positive effects of elevated CO2were negated by interactive effects of elevated CO2 and temperature in the both crops. In case of bell pepper cultivar Solan Bharpur and pea cultivar PB-89 were more adaptable to climate change as compared to California Wonder of bell pepper and Azad P-1of pea, respectively. Hence, Solan Bharpur of bell pepper and PB-89 of pea were better performing cultivars under changing climate in mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh.
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Keywords
inorganic compounds, planting, vegetables, diseases, fruits, pepper, peas, yields, developmental stages, biological phenomena