EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PLANTING MATERIAL AND N,P, AND K ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF TURMERIC (Curcuma longa L.)
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Date
2015-06-05
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HORTICULTURAL COLLEGE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE, VENKATARAMANNAGUDEM, WEST GODAVARI – 534 101 Dr. Y. S. R. HORTICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
Abstract
An experiment was conducted at Horticultural College and Research Institute, Venkataramannagudem, Dr.YSR Horticultural University during kharif 2014-15, with an objective of evaluating the effect of different planting material, fertilizer dose and their interaction on growth, yield and quality of turmeric in order to assess its yield attributes in reducing seed material and increasing fertilizer dose. A total of six types of planting material viz., single node cuttings, double node cuttings, mother rhizome pieces, primary, secondary and mother rhizomes were evaluated with five fertilizer doses in factorial randomized block design at 30-day interval upto 180 days after planting and yield and quality aspects after harvesting.
There were significant differences in seedling parameters and mother rhizomes recorded the highest plant height (13.38 cm), leaf area 39.87 cm2), number of leaves (2.37), root length (11.26 cm) and root diameter (0.15 cm) at 30 days after planting. Significant differences were observed in the vegetative or growth parameters at all growth stages i.e. 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 DAP. Plant height (75.26 cm)average leaf
area (645.02 cm2) and leaf area index(7.69) were maximum in primary rhizomes used as planting material along with 360: 120: 160 kg NPK ha-1 and minimum in single node cuttings along with 120: 40: 100 kg NPK ha-1. However, other growth characteristics like number of tillers (4.04), number of leaves (12.30), leaf area (645.02cm2), leaf area plant-1 (8016.8 cm2), dry weight of the plant (76.70 g) and biomass of the plant (938.3 g m-2) were maximum in mother rhizomes used as planting material along with 360: 120: 160 kg NPK ha-1 and minimum in single node cuttings along with 120: 40: 100 kg NPK ha-1.
An examination of yield parameters revealed that number of mother rhizomes (2.88), primary rhizomes (11.67) and secondary rhizomes (17.91), size of primary rhizomes(24.89 cm3) and secondary rhizomes (11.76 cm3), fresh weight (238.12 g) and dry weight of rhizome clump-1 (79.58 g) and rhizome yield (30.94 t ha-1) recorded the highest values when mother rhizomes used as planting material along with 360: 120: 160 kg NPK ha-1 and minimum in single node cuttings along with 120: 40: 100 kg NPK ha-1.
The results on quality parameters indicated that the curcumin content and oleoresin content was in decreasing order with reduced seed size and fertilizer dose. With respect to interactions, mother rhizomes as planting material with the application of 360: 120: 160 kg NPK ha-1recorded the highest curcumin (3.40%) and oleoresin (4.21%) contents and the least was observed in single node cuttings along with 120: 40: 100 kg NPK ha-1. Regarding to plant nutrient uptake mother rhizomes as planting material with the application of 360: 120: 160 kg NPK ha-1 has recorded the highest nitrogen (188.7 kg ha-1), phosphorous (58.2 kg ha-1) and potassium (139.5 kg ha-1) uptake.
On other hand the benefit cost ratio recorded maximum of 4.67 in primary rhizomes in combination with 360: 120: 160 kg NPK ha-1 while it was minimum of 1.04 in mother rhizomes in combination with 120: 40: 100 kg NPK ha-1, but mother rhizome pieces with 360:120:160 kg NPK ha-1 can obtain optimum B:C ratio (3.87) which was in the margin of Rs. 0.80 than the highest B:C ratio (4.67).
Mother rhizome as planting material along with 360:120:160 kg NPK ha-1 as fertilizer dose obtained maximum yield but cost of cultivation was increased. Mother rhizome pieces with higher fertilizer levels obtained optimum yield and quality. By reducing the size of planting material ultimately reduced cost of planting material in turmeric.
Description
an objective of evaluating the effect of different planting material, fertilizer dose and their interaction on growth, yield and quality of turmeric in order to assess its yield attributes in reducing seed material and increasing fertilizer dose. A total of six types of planting material viz., single node cuttings, double node cuttings, mother rhizome pieces, primary, secondary and mother rhizomes were evaluated with five fertilizer doses in factorial randomized block design at 30-day interval upto 180 days after planting and yield and quality aspects after harvesting.
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Citation
Horticultural College and Research Institute, Venkataramannagudem, Dr.YSR Horticultural University