Anatomically Contoured Intramedullary Interlocking Nailing for Fixation of Femoral Fractures in Dogs.
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Date
2019-07-23
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CSKHPKV, Palampur
Abstract
The study was conducted on the clinical cases of dogs presented in the department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, DGCNCOVAS, CSKHPKV, Palampur from January 2018 to April 2019. The main objectives were to evaluate the clinical application of specially designed anatomically contoured interlocking nails (ACIILN) for repair of femoral fractures in dogs and to compare it with other fixation techniques in similar kinds of fractures. Besides, a brief study was also undertaken to record the regional occurrence of fractures in dogs. The dogs formed the majority of fracture cases presented to the department (204 out of 262). The distribution of fractures in them was found to be 78 per cent and the incidence as 16 per cent with juveniles forming the majority among them (105 out of 204). The automobile accident was the main etiology for fractures in dogs (96 out of 204) followed by fall from a height (55 out of 204) and the femur, most affected among long bone (53 out of 145). All the femoral fractures in dogs were closed; the fracture types varied a lot and were repaired with different fixation techniques. ACIILN technique was utilized to fix 10 selected cases of simple diaphyseal femoral fractures in these dogs. The technique was later compared with only end threaded self-tapping pinning (ETP) in three selected comparable cases of mid-diaphyseal fractures.The ACIILN technique was almost similar to straight IILN techniques. However, difficulty was faced during drilling of distal holes to align with cannulation of ACIILN. Frequent misalignment of distal screws occurred, particularly at the most distal level. It was due to the sloping anatomy of distal femur leading to slipping of drill bits a little despite use of appropriate drill sleeves. It resulted in causing an eccentric hole and hence screws often missed the ACIILN cannulation. However, at least one screw could still be fixed properly in either segment of fractures in all cases and the fractures largely remained stable leading to uneventful healing in most cases. However, technically, it was more cumbersome, time- consuming and challenging as compared to ETP technique. Adequate intramedullary reaming of distal femurs by straight reamers was another common difficulty during application of ACIILN.
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