Heterosis and combining ability in relation to genetic diversity in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
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Date
2016
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken in the Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics,
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during the year 2015 to study heterosis and
combining ability in relation to genetic diversity in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). There
was significant variation between the parental lines based on diversity analysis. The
genotypes were grouped into five clusters on the basis of D2 analysis. Euclidean distance
values indicated maximum diversity between cluster III and cluster IV (inter-cluster distance
= 103982). The dissimilarity coefficient on the basis of SSR marker analysis ranged from
0.20 to 0.78, signifying divergence among the genotypes. The genotypes having utmost
genetic dissimilarity of 78% were P198R and P206R, while P180R and P174R had minimum
genetic dissimilarity of 20%. On the basis of combining ability analysis the female parents
viz., 67A, 47A and 11A were observed to be good general combiners, however none of the
female parent was good combiner for all the traits. Similarly, the male parents viz., P173R,
P175R and P184R were good general combiners for most of the traits. There was
predominant role of male × female interaction components in the inheritance of most of the
traits. The hybrids CMS 11A × P174R, CMS 47A × P190R and CMS 11A × P175R were
identified as best specific combiners for seed yield and CMS 11A × P178R, CMS 11A ×
P196R and CMS 67A × P192R for oil content. Maximum standard heterosis over check PSH1962
was recorded as 26.8 per cent (CMS 67A × P184R) for seed yield and 8.45 per cent
(CMS 47A × P197R) for oil content. Simple correlations were worked out to find out the
relationship of heterosis with morphological diversity and genetic diversity. The correlation
between heterosis and D2 distances revealed that there was negative association of heterosis
with morphological diversity for days to 50% flowering and oil content, whereas for days to
maturity and test weight there was significant positive correlation. However, the genetic
diversity (based on SSR polymorphism) was positively associated with oil content and
linoleic acid but negatively associated with days to maturity, test weight, volume weight,
stearic acid and oleic acid.
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