EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ACETONE EXTRACT OF Boswellia ovalifoliolata (INDIAN FRANKINCENSE) RESIN AND ITS SYNERGY WITH OTHER SELECTED PHYTOCHEMICALS AGAINST MASTITIS CAUSING ORGANISMS
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Date
2022-08
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the major economic burden for the dairy industry and also has got huge public health significance. Conventional antibiotics comprise the most common therapeutic approach in mastitis, however their non-prudent use led to the development of resistant bacterial species. Steadily increasing rate of bacterial resistance to existing drugs necessitates the search of new antimicrobial agents to combat this problem. As an alternative to antimicrobial agent, phytochemicals offer effective and economical alternatives not only to treat infections but also counter bacterial resistane. Use of medicinal plant drugs does not carry the disadvantage of resistance and has the additional property of immunomodulation. The present study investigates the antibacterial activity and biofilm inhibition potential of acetone extract of Boswellia ovalifoliolata resin, its combined activity with commercially available antibiotics enrofloxacin and amoxycillin and with phytochemicals eugenol, thymol and carvacrol against standard MTCC cultures and clinical isolates Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of Boswellia ovalifoliolata resin extract (BORE) revealed the presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugars, saponins, triterpenes, phenols, flavonoids, proteins, and alkaloids. Antioxidant activity assessed by phosphomolybdenum assay with 0.1 mg/mL of BORE, eugenol, thymol, enrofloxacin, and 10 mg/mL of carvacrol which was equivalent to 63.1±0.89, 74.8±0.56, 53.80±0.32, 33.60±0.31 and 106±1.21 μg/mL of ascorbic acid respectively. Antibacterial activity assessed by microdilution assay and minimum inhibitory concentration values of enrofloxacin, BORE, eugenol, thymol and carvacrol against E. coli. were 0.078 μg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 1.562 mg/mL, 1.562 mg/mL and 1.562 mg/mL, respectively. MIC values of amoxycillin, BORE, eugenol, thymol and carvacrol against S. aureus were 0.3125 μg/mL, 0.3125 mg/mL, 3.125 mg/mL, 1.562 mg/mL and 0.390 mg/mL respectively for both MTCC cultures and clinical isolates. Synergistic antibacterial activity of BORE assessed by microdilution checkerboard assay in combination with enrofloxacin, amoxycillin, eugenol, thymol and carvacrol exhibited additive action against both E. coli and S. aureus. All bacterial isolates used are proved to be good biofilm producers after 24 hr of bacterial growth. Individually, BORE leads to a considerable biofilm reduction, but when tested in combination with antibiotics enrofloxacin, amoxycillin, eugenol, thymol and carvacrol are most effective in inhibition of biofilm. In conclusion, BORE contains various bioactive phytochemicals, exhibited potent antioxidant and considerable antimicrobial activity with MIC 0.3125 mg/mL, 2.5 against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, showed additive action in combination with enrofloxacin, amoxycillin, and phytochemicals eugenol, thymol and carvacrol and exhibited considerable biofilm inhibition at MIC values, alone and various combinations against bovine mastitis causing organisms E. coli and S. aureus.
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