Impact of high density planting and weed management practices on growth and yield of Bt. cotton. (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
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Date
2022-12-29
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Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani
Abstract
The present investigation “Impact of high density planting and weed management practice on growth and yield of Bt cotton. (Gossypium hirsutum L.)” was undertaken during Kharif season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 on clayey soil at experimental farm, AICRP on Integrated Farming Systems, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani (M.S.) The soil of the experimental plot was clayey in texture, low in available nitrogen , medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium and slightly alkaline in reaction. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three planting densities that is S1-120 cm × 45 cm (18518 plants ha-1), S2- 80 cm × 60 cm (20833 plants ha-1) and S3- 90 cm × 45 cm (24691plants ha-1) and four weed management practices that is W1 - Stale seed bed technique + PoE Pyrithiobac Sodium 10% EC @ 62.5 g ha-1 + Quizolfop-ethyl 5% EC @ 50 g ha-1 + Straw mulching, W2 - Stale seed bed technique +PoE Glufosinate ammonium 13.5% SL @ 0.7 kg ha-1 + Hand weeding, W3 - Weed Free and W4 - Weedy Check. Recommended fertilizers dose of 120:60:60 NPK kg ha-1 was applied and biometric observations on growth parameters, yield attributes and yield were recorded.
The Bt. cotton was sown by dibbling method on 05-07-2020 and 02-07-2021 during year 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, respectively Study revealed that the plant spacing of 120 cm × 45 cm recorded significantly increased growth attributes i.e. number of functional leaves, leaf area (dm2), dry matter per plant (g), number of monopodial and number of sympodial branches per plant and yield contributing characters i.e. number of picked bolls per plant, boll weight (g), seed cotton yield per plant (g) as compared to plant spacing of 80 cm × 60 cm and 90 cm × 45 cm. The significantly taller plants were recorded with plant spacing of 90 cm × 45 cm as compared to other plant spacing’s. Similarly maximum seed cotton yield (2076 kg ha-1), stalk yield (4060 kg ha-1), biological yield (6107 kg ha-1), gross monetary returns (₹ 172681), net monetary returns (₹ 96331) and benefit to cost ratio (2.26) was recorded with plant spacing of 90 cm × 45 cm than plant spacing’s of 80 cm × 60 cm and 120 cm × 45 cm. Plant densities did not evident any significant impact on cotton quality parameters.
The growth parameters were influenced by various treatments of weed management practices. The growth parameters like plant height, numbers of monopodial and sympodial branches plant-1, numbers of functional leaves plant-1, leaf area plant-1 and total dry matter accumulation plant-1 were significantly higher in weed free (W3) than other treatments and however, it was at par with the Stale seed bed technique + PoE Pyrithiobac Sodium 10% EC @ 62.5 g ha-1 + Quizolfop-ethyl 5% EC @ 50 g ha-1 + Straw mulching (W1) Similar results were obtained in case of yield attributes like numbers of picked bolls plant-1, and seed cotton yield plant-1 were significantly higher in weed free (W3). The weed free (W3) recorded higher seed cotton yield (2336 kg ha-1), stalk yield (4244 kg ha-1) and biological yields (6580 kg ha-1) than other treatments and however, it was at par with Stale seed bed technique + PoE Pyrithiobac Sodium 10% EC @ 62.5 g ha-1 + Quizolfop-ethyl 5% EC @ 50 g ha-1 + Straw mulching(W1). Boll weight was not influenced by weed management practices. Also, significantly higher gross monetary returns (₹193427), net monetary returns (₹108122) and benefit to cost ratio (2.26) was found in weed free (W3) treatment.
Post-harvest parameters such as ginning percentage, seed index and lint index, as well as fiber quality parameters like staple length, bundle length, fiber fineness, oil percentage and uniformity ratio were not significantly influenced by planting density and weed management practices during both years of the study.