CLINICAL, CARDIOPULMONARY, HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ISOFLURANE, PROPOFOL AND KETAMINE IN GLYCOPYRROLATE, DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND BUTORPHANOL PREMEDICATED DOGS
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Date
2019-07
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College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the clinical, cardiopulmonary,
haematobiochemical and immunological effects of isoflurane, propofol and ketamine
anaesthesia in glycopyrrolate, dexmedetomidine and butorphanol premedicated dogs.
The study was carried out on twenty four number of female dogs presented for elective
ovariohysterectomy. The animals were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C and
D) comprising of six animals each. The animals in all the groups were administered with
glycopyrrolate 0.01 mg/kg IM followed 15 min by dexmedetomidine 5μg/kg IV and
Butorphanol 0.1mg/kg IV. Two min after administration of dexmedetomidine and
butorphanol, induction of anaesthesia was done with propofol IV till effect in Groups A
and B and with ketamine IV till effect in Groups C and D. The anaesthesia was
maintained with isoflurane in Groups A and C. In Groups B and D, the anaesthesia was
maintained with continuous rate infusion of propofol 0.2-0.5 mg/kg/min and ketamine
0.002-0.02 mg/kg/min, respectively. The induction doses of propofol were recorded as
0.67±0.07 mg/kg in Group A and 0.68± 0.06 mg/kg in Group B where as the induction
doses of ketamine were recorded as 2.55± 0.24 mg/kg in Group C and 2.63±0.26 mg/kg
in Group D. Induction was quick and smooth in all the groups enabling easy
endotracheal intubation. The analgesia, muscle relaxation and depth of anaesthesia were
sufficient for performing major abdominal operations. The mean maintenance dose
(mg/kg/min) of propofol and ketamine were recorded as 0.24±0.01 and 0.013.17±0.60
respectively in groups B and D. The mean vaporizer settings (%) for isoflurane were
recorded as 1.34±0.06 and 1.28±0.07, respectively in Groups A and C. The recovery
time was shortest in Group A and longest in Group D. The quality of recovery was better
in Groups B, A & C in sequence as compared to Group D. The changes in the clinical
parameters remained within the physiological limits in all the groups. Changes in blood
pressure and ECG remained within the physiological limit in all the groups. The
respiratory parameters were well maintained with isoflurane but the oxygen saturation
values were near the critical level in Group D. The changes in haematological
(haemoglobin, TEC, TLC, PCV, granulocytes, platelet and DLC) and biochemical
(serum glucose, serum total protein, GGT, ALP, BUN, serum creatinine and LDH)
parameters were found to be within physiological limits in all the animals. The
immunological parameters exhibited immune suppressions but were transient in nature in
all the groups. To conclude, all the anaesthetic combinations were safe and effective for
major abdominal surgery in dogs. However, the respiratory parameters were more stable
with inhalation agents used for maintenance and near the border line in particularly with
ketamine CRI. The CRI with propofol was found to be better than with ketamine for
maintenance in dogs premedicated with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol.