Pathological Effects And Influence Of Ginger And Toxin Binder In Experimentally Induced Penicillic Acid Toxicity In Broiler Chickens
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Date
2008
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Publisher
Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Abstract
The present study was aimed to elucidate the lower level of penicillic acid
(PA) toxicity in broiler chicken and alleviating effect of mannan oligosaccharide
(MOS) and gingerol.
Feeding 7.5, 15 and 30 ppm penicillic acid from 0 to 3 weeks of age to broiler
chicken resulted in highly significant (P<0.01) reduction in the body weight gain in
the two high dose groups. Penicillic acid fed birds showed inappetence, poor growth
and depression. Anaemia, hyperglycaemia, significant increase in the serum ALT
(P<0.05), amylase (P<0.01), lipase (P<0.05), BUN (P<0.01) and uric acid (P<0.05),
hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, increased LDL (P<0.01), VLDL
(P<0.05) and hyponatraemia were observed in the penicillic acid fed birds. Significant
decrease in the liver antioxidants CAT (P<0.05) and GPX (P<0.01) and increase in
the GST (P<0.01) values were observed in the PA fed birds when compared to the
control group. NDV antibody titre and splenocyte stimulation index values showed
highly significant (P<0.01) decrease in the PA fed birds. Grossly, the liver was pale
and enlarged or showed yellowish discolouration in the PA fed birds. Degenerative,
necrotic and inflammatory changes were observed in the liver, kidneys,
proventriculus, gizzard and duodenum in the PA toxin fed birds. Hyperplastic crop
mucosa, crop muscle degeneration and lymphoid cell depletion in the bursa of
Fabricius, thymus, spleen and caecal tonsils were also observed in the PA fed birds.
Harderian gland showed plasma cell depletion. The pathological changes were
observed even in the 7.5 ppm fed birds.Addition of MOS (0.05%) to PA (20 ppm) diet had no impact in alleviating
the toxic effects of PA in broiler chicken when fed for four weeks. MOS alone
induced hypoalbuminaemia, elevated BUN values and pathological changes in the
liver, kidneys, spleen and bursa of Fabricius.
The nutraceutical effect of gingerol (0.1 and 0.2%) studied against PA toxicity
(15 ppm) showed partial alleviation at 0.2 per cent level. Gingerol alone could induce
hyperamylaesaemia (gingerol 0.1%), hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia,
increased BUN, creatinine, LDL, VLDL and HDL (gingerol 0.2%). Further gingerol
alone induced toxic changes in the liver, kidney, crop, proventriculus, bursa of
Fabricius, thymus and Harderian gland.
PA at 15 ppm level was not genotoxic to hepatocytes and splenocytes and
induced peak apoptosis at 24 h of treatment in the thymocytes and splenocytes.
To conclude lower level of 7.5 ppm of PA used in this study was toxic to
broiler chicken and 15 and 30 ppm caused poor weight gain. MOS did not show
binding effect against PA and gingerol at 0.2% level showed partial alleviation effect
on PA toxicity. MOS (0.05%) and gingerol (0.1 and 0.2%) alone induced toxic
changes in broiler chicken.
Description
Keywords
Broiler chicken, penicillic acid, mannan oligosaccharide, gingerol, growth, haematobiochemistry, pathology, immunity, genotoxicity, apoptosis