Novel Candidates for Vaccine Development Against Mycoplasma Capricolum Subspecies Capripneumoniae (Mccp)—Current Knowledge and Future Prospects
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Date
2019
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Abstract
Exploration of novel candidates for vaccine development against Mycoplasma capricolum
subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp), the causative agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
(CCPP), has recently gained immense importance due to both the increased number of outbreaks
and the alarming risk of transboundary spread of disease. Treatment by antibiotics as the only
therapeutic strategy is not a viable option due to pathogen persistence, economic issues, and concerns
of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, prophylactics or vaccines are becoming important under the current
scenario. For quite some time inactivated, killed, or attenuated vaccines proved to be beneficial and
provided good immunity up to a year. However, their adverse effects and requirement for larger
doses led to the need for production of large quantities of Mccp. This is challenging because the
required culture medium is costly and Mycoplasma growth is fastidious and slow. Furthermore,
quality control is always an issue with such vaccines. Currently, novel candidate antigens including
capsular polysaccharides (CPS), proteins, enzymes, and genes are being evaluated for potential use as
vaccines. These have shown potential immunogenicity with promising results in eliciting protective
immune responses. Being easy to produce, specific, effective and free from side effects, these novel
vaccine candidates can revolutionize vaccination against CCPP. Use of novel proteomic approaches,
including sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), two-dimensional
gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight
(MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectroscopy, fast protein liquid chromatography
(FPLC), bioinformatics, computerized simulation and genomic approaches, including multilocus
sequence analysis, next-generation sequencing, basic local alignment search tool (BLAST),
gene expression, and recombinant expression, will further enable recognition of ideal antigenic
proteins and virulence genes with vaccination potential.
Description
TNV_VAC_2019_7(71)1